Implication of the hepatokine, fibrinogen-like protein 1 in liver diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer: The need to harness its full potential.
Implication of the hepatokine, fibrinogen-like protein 1 in liver diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer: The need to harness its full potential.
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DOI：
10.7150/ijbs.66834
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Liu Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu XH;Qi LW;Alolga RN;Liu Q
纤维蛋白原样蛋白1(FGL1)是一种新的肝素，属于纤维蛋白原超家族的一部分。在正常生理条件下，它主要在肝脏中表达。当肝脏受到化学药物和辐射等外界因素的损伤时，FGL1起保护因子的作用，促进再生细胞的生长。然而，高脂肪条件下肝脏FGL1的升高会导致脂肪堆积和炎症，进而引发非酒精性脂肪性肝病、糖尿病和肥胖症的发展。FGL1还参与了脂肪组织和骨骼肌中胰岛素抵抗的调节，作为肝脏和其他组织之间的一种沟通方式。此外，癌症患者血浆中FGL1水平的异常变化使其成为临床上潜在的癌症发病率预测指标。最近发现FGL1是免疫抑制受体淋巴细胞激活基因3(LAG3)的主要功能配体，因此除经典的程序性细胞死亡蛋白1/程序性细胞死亡配体1(PD-1/PD-L1)轴外，FGL1有望成为肿瘤免疫治疗的靶点。尽管FGL1具有作为一种新的肿瘤生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，但相关研究很少，而且大部分报道都是肤浅的，缺乏深度和特异性。因此，阐明FGL1的作用和潜在机制对于开发有前景的相关疾病的诊断和治疗策略至关重要。本文就FGL1在肝病、代谢紊乱和癌症防治中的细胞机制和临床应用前景作一综述，并对今后的研究提出建议。
Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a novel hepatokine that forms part of the fibrinogen superfamily. It is predominantly expressed in the liver under normal physiological conditions. When the liver is injured by external factors, such as chemical drugs and radiation, FGL1 acts as a protective factor to promote the growth of regenerated cells. However, elevated hepatic FGL1 under high fat conditions can cause lipid accumulation and inflammation, which in turn trigger the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. FGL1 is also involved in the regulation of insulin resistance in adipose tissues and skeletal muscles as a means of communication between the liver and other tissues. In addition, the abnormally changed FGL1 levels in the plasma of cancer patients make it a potential predictor of cancer incidence in clinical practice. FGL1 was recently identified as a major functional ligand of the immune inhibitory receptor, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), thus making it a promising target for cancer immunotherapy except for the classical programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis. Despite the potential of FGL1 as a new cancer biomarker and therapeutic target, there are few related studies and much of what has been reported are superficial and lack depth and particularity. Therefore, elucidating the role and underlying mechanisms of FGL1 could be crucial for the development of promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for related diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the cellular mechanisms and clinical prospects of FGL1 in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer, and proffer suggestions for future studies.
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影响因子：
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