Messy maps: Qualitative GIS representations of resilience

Messy maps: Qualitative GIS representations of resilience
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凌乱的地图:复原力的定性 GIS 表示

DOI:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103771
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
Taylor F
Taylor F
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Taylor F

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为了将洪水复原力的定性方面,如情感,社会联系和经验,纳入城市规划,我们提出了一种方法,将非正式住区的创新和实验性地图可视化。城市规划中的复原力概念往往是以技术官僚的方式,利用地理信息系统等量化工具加以部署的。然而,在全球南方城市地区,很大一部分人口居住在非正规住区,公共当局使用的知识基础设施几乎没有留下参与和考虑当地经验的空间。我们概述了艺术为基础的研讨会活动和定性GIS方法来映射弹性定义的非正式定居点居民在两个案例研究城市,内罗毕(肯尼亚)和开普敦(南非),适用于整个城市的全球南部。为每个城市生成了四个地图层:(一)洪水足迹,显示居民对洪水的空间知识;(二)地理参考,叙述360°照片球,捕捉关于空间的不同视角;(三)空间社交网络地图,显示居民在洪水之前/期间与正式和非正式行为者的联系;(四)多媒体弹出窗口,传达传统GIS地图中缺少的背景细节。我们展示了如何将这些原型地图整合到规划知识基础设施中。对于非正规住区复原力在空间上不精确的定性方面,在地图上放置标记可以使规划者开始参与的方式使其可见。尽管挑战依然存在,但我们发现,在内罗毕和开普敦,城市一级的行为者对使用定性形式的证据持开放态度,背景细节有助于他们保留和理解复原力。
To include qualitative aspects of flood resilience, such as emotion, social connections and experience, into urban planning, we present a methodology incorporating innovative and experimental map visualisations of informal settlements. The concept of resilience in urban planning is often deployed in technocratic ways using quantitative tools such as geographic information systems (GIS). Yet in the urban Global South, where high proportions of the population live in informal settlements, the knowledge infrastructures used by public authorities leave little room for participation and consideration of local experience. We outline arts-based workshop activities and a qualitative GIS methodology to map resilience as defined by informal settlement residents in two case study cities, Nairobi (Kenya) and Cape Town (South Africa), with applicability across the urban Global South. For each city, four map layers were generated: (i) flood footprints showing resident’s spatial knowledge of floods; (ii) georeferenced, narrated 360° photo spheres capturing different perspectives about a space; (iii) spatial social network maps showing residents connections to formal and informal actors before/during floods; (iv) multimedia pop-ups communicating contextual details missing from traditional GIS maps. We show how these prototype maps can be integrated within planning knowledge infrastructures. For spatially imprecise qualitative aspects of resilience in informal settlements, placing markers on a map makes them visible in ways that planners can begin to engage with. Although challenges remain, we found openness in Nairobi and Cape Town by city-level actors to use qualitative forms of evidence, and that the contextual detail aided their retention and understanding of resilience.
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