Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages.
Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep38548
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发表时间：
2016-12-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ludwig A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wutke S;Benecke N;Sandoval-Castellanos E;Döhle HJ;Friederich S;Gonzalez J;Hallsson JH;Hofreiter M;Lõugas L;Magnell O;Morales-Muniz A;Orlando L;Pálsdóttir AH;Reissmann M;Ruttkay M;Trinks A;Ludwig A
自史前时代以来，马就因其不同的皮毛颜色而受到重视；尤其是自公元前3500年在里海大草原驯养以来。尽管我们可以假设人类的喜好并不是一成不变的，但关于家马是如何受到人类影响的，我们只有零星的信息。我们的基因分析结果表明，在早期家马(铜器时代到铁器时代)，斑点皮毛的数量显著增加。相比之下，中世纪的马携带的这些表型的等位基因明显较少，而固体表型(即板栗)占主导地位。这一转变可能是因为(I)多效性的缺点，(Ii)减少了将家马与野马区分开来的需要，(Iii)宗教声望下降，或(Iv)武器装备的新发展。这些情景可能是单独作用的，也可能是联合作用的。然而，栗子的优势是中世纪马种群的一个显著特征。
Horses have been valued for their diversity of coat colour since prehistoric times; this is especially the case since their domestication in the Caspian steppe in ~3,500 BC. Although we can assume that human preferences were not constant, we have only anecdotal information about how domestic horses were influenced by humans. Our results from genotype analyses show a significant increase in spotted coats in early domestic horses (Copper Age to Iron Age). In contrast, medieval horses carried significantly fewer alleles for these phenotypes, whereas solid phenotypes (i.e., chestnut) became dominant. This shift may have been supported because of (i) pleiotropic disadvantages, (ii) a reduced need to separate domestic horses from their wild counterparts, (iii) a lower religious prestige, or (iv) novel developments in weaponry. These scenarios may have acted alone or in combination. However, the dominance of chestnut is a remarkable feature of the medieval horse population.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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