How enrichment affects exploration trade-offs in rats: implications for welfare and well-being.
How enrichment affects exploration trade-offs in rats: implications for welfare and well-being.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0083578
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Higgins ET
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franks B;Champagne FA;Higgins ET
我们认为，对幸福的比较方法可能是理解“美好生活”的关键。受当前人类福祉和动物福利理论的启发，我们设计了一种新颖的探索行为测试。环境和社会丰富的Long-Evans雌性大鼠（N = 60）在八臂径向迷宫的四个同时呈现的臂中训练。 他们学会了预期两个武器的成功和其他两个的失败。训练后，20只动物留在富集饲养（富集-维持）中，而40只动物重新饲养在标准隔离条件下（富集-去除）。两周后，所有动物在迷宫中重新测试，最初只接触四个熟悉的手臂。在最后一分钟，他们也接触到了陌生的模棱两可的手臂。尽管两组都对不明确的臂表现出了显著的兴趣（P <0.0001），但富集-维持组表现出了显著更大的探索倾向（P <0.01），尽管具有相同的活动水平（P> 0.3）。因此，我们不仅表明，大鼠会放弃已知的奖励，并承担风险，以探索，这表明探索本身是有价值的，但也表明，个人（与没有）丰富的住房条件更有可能从事这种探索行为。这种新的测试有助于研究人类和其他动物探索的重要性的知识体系;讨论了对动物福利和人类福祉的影响。
We propose that a comparative approach to well-being could be the key to understanding ‘the good life.’ Inspired by current theories of human well-being and animal welfare, we designed a novel test of exploration behavior. Environmentally and socially enriched Long-Evans female rats (N = 60) were trained in four simultaneously presented arms of an eight-arm radial-maze. They learned to expect successes in two arms and failures in the other two. After training, 20 animals remained in enriched housing (enrichment-maintenance) while 40 animals were re-housed in standard, isolated conditions (enrichment-removal). Two weeks later, all animals were re-tested in the maze, initially with access to the four familiar arms only. In the final minute, they also had access to the unfamiliar ambiguous-arms. Though both groups showed significant interest in the ambiguous-arms (P<.0001), the enrichment-maintenance group showed a significantly greater exploratory tendency (P<.01) despite having equivalent levels of activity (P>.3). Thus, we show not only that rats will abandon known rewards and incur risk in order to explore, indicating that exploration is valuable in its own right, but also that individuals with (vs. without) enriched housing conditions are more likely to engage in such exploratory behavior. This novel test contributes to the body of knowledge examining the importance of exploration in humans and other animals; implications for animal welfare and human well-being are discussed.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Hagen, K;Broom, DM
通讯作者：
Broom, DM
影响因子：
--
作者：
HARLOW, HF;HARLOW, MK;MEYER, DR
通讯作者：
MEYER, DR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Dunn, Elizabeth W.;Aknin, Lara B.;Norton, Michael I.
通讯作者：
Norton, Michael I.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Mason, GJ;Cooper, J;Clarebrough, C
通讯作者：
Clarebrough, C
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-394281-4.00006-4
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 46
影响因子：
--
作者：
Franks, Becca;Higgins, E. Tory
通讯作者：
Higgins, E. Tory