Towards a cultural political economy of mitigation deterrence by negative emissions technologies (NETs)
Towards a cultural political economy of mitigation deterrence by negative emissions technologies (NETs)
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通过负排放技术（NET）实现减缓威慑的文化政治经济
DOI：
10.1017/sus.2018.10
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
D. Tyfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nils Markusson;Duncan P McLaren;D. Tyfield
非技术摘要 面对有限的碳预算，负排放技术（NET）为消除大气中的温室气体带来了希望。很难确定 NET 的前景是否会严重阻碍或推迟及时采取减排行动。本文针对这一挑战提出了一种新颖的理论视角，使分析能够解释技术、社会以及政治和经济力量之间的相互作用。本文认为，从这个角度来看，网络替代缓解的范围可能很容易被夸大，因此应认真对待缓解威慑带来的危害风险。技术摘要 本文针对地球工程干预措施可能阻止或延迟缓解措施的风险（以前通常被描述为道德风险）提供了新的理论视角。通过对太阳地球工程中缓解威慑（MD）的简要回顾，它提出了一种新颖的分析观点，超越并对比了文献中常见的方法论个人主义、管理主义和经济学家的分析。详细阐述和比较了三个不同的登记册，以帮助识别和解释可能出现MD的情况和过程。该论文表明，从现实主义登记册通过文化登记册转向文化政治经济登记册，可以更清楚地表明被误解的替代性（负排放技术（NET）和缓解措施之间）和狭隘的气候政策目标如何以及为什么对MD很重要。我们还确定了新自由主义政治体制下 MD 的几种可行机制。该论文认为，仅仅通过更好地告知决策者（“现实主义”反应），或者甚至通过开放气候变化和我们的反应的标准技术经济框架（“文化”反应），无法克服MD。该论文还得出结论，随着特定经济利益的发展而演变的整个政治体制都与MD有关，并且MD的可能性和重要性可能仍然未被充分认识和研究。
Non-technical summary In the face of limited carbon budgets, negative emissions technologies (NETs) offer hopes of removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. It is difficult to determine whether the prospect of NETs is significantly deterring or delaying timely action to cut emissions. This paper sets out a novel theoretical perspective to this challenge, enabling analysis that accounts for interactions between technologies, society and political and economic power. The paper argues that, seen in this light, the scope of NETs to substitute for mitigation may be easily exaggerated, and thus that the risk of harm from mitigation deterrence should be taken seriously. Technical summary This paper offers a new theoretical perspective on the risk that geoengineering interventions might deter or delay mitigation (previously typically described as moral hazard). Drawing on a brief review of mitigation deterrence (MD) in solar geoengineering, it suggests a novel analytical viewpoint going beyond and contrasting with the methodological individualist, managerialist and economist analyses common in the literature. Three distinct registers to assist identification and interpretation of situations and processes through which MD might arise are elaborated and compared. The paper shows that moving from a realist register via a cultural register to a cultural political economy register, makes it clearer how and why misperceived substitutability (between negative emissions technologies (NETs) and mitigation) and narrow climate policy goals matter for MD. We have also identified several plausible mechanisms for MD under a neoliberal political regime. The paper argues that MD cannot be overcome simply by better informing decision makers (the ‘realist’ response), or even by opening up the standard techno-economic framing of climate change and our responses (the ‘cultural’ response). The paper also concludes that the entire political regime that has evolved alongside specific economic interests is implicated in MD, and that the likelihood and significance of MD probably remain underappreciated and understudied.
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