The True Cost of PFAS and the Benefits of Acting Now.
The True Cost of PFAS and the Benefits of Acting Now.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.1c03565
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发表时间：
2021-07-20
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Trasande L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cordner A;Goldenman G;Birnbaum LS;Brown P;Miller MF;Mueller R;Patton S;Salvatore DH;Trasande L
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类用于工业过程和消费品的9000多种持久性危险化学品。它们在环境和人群中无处不在，人们通过受污染的食物和水、消费品和工作场所接触到PFAS。在动物和人类研究中，即使是在背景水平上，暴露于几种PFAS也与过多的健康影响有关。它们对环境的持久性很强，因此被称为“永远的化学物质”。虽然在许多方面，全氟磺酸盐污染问题反映了美国化学品管理系统的更广泛问题，但该行业的一个关键特征是，只有少数公司生产了用于全氟磺酸盐化学品的基本化学成分。自20世纪70年代以来，这些公司已经知道PFAS的潜在毒性，人体暴露和极端持久性，但仍继续扩大生产。21世纪初，为了应对美国环境保护署（EPA）对人类和环境健康风险的日益增长的压力，全氟辛烷磺酸制造商同意逐步停止在美国生产全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和一些相关的全氟辛烷磺酸。替代性PFAS，包括工业开发的新化学品，广泛应用于200多种用途类别3，尽管人们越来越担心其暴露、持久性和毒性。PFAS行业声称，这些化学品在消费品和工业应用中的使用带来了广泛的效益，对美国含氟聚合物领域的估值为每年20亿美元。然而，它没有提到暴露的成本，这是长期的，广泛的，通常外部化
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of over 9000 persistent hazardous chemicals used in industrial processes and consumer goods. They are ubiquitous in the environment and in people, who are exposed to PFAS via contaminated food and water, consumer products, and workplaces. 1 Exposure to several PFAS has been linked to a plethora of health effects in both animal and human studies, even at background levels. They are so environmentally persistent that they have been termed “forever chemicals.” While in many ways PFAS contamination problems reflect broader issues with the chemicals regulatory system in the United States, a key feature of this industry is that only a handful of companies have produced the basic chemical building blocks for PFAS chemicals. These companies have known about the potential toxicity, human exposure, and extreme persistence of PFAS since the 1970s, yet have continued and expanded production. 2 In the 2000s, in response to mounting pressure from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) about risks to human and environmental health, PFAS manufacturers agreed to phase out US production of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and some related PFAS. Replacement PFAS, including new chemicals developed by industry, are widely used in more than 200 use categories, 3 despite growing concerns about exposures, persistence, and toxicity. 4The PFAS industry claims that the chemicals’ use in consumer goods and industrial applications brings wide benefits, valuing the US fluoropolymer segment at $2 billion a year. 5 However, it fails to mention the costs of exposure, which are long-term, wide-ranging, routinely externalized onto
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bălan SA;Mathrani VC;Guo DF;Algazi AM
通讯作者：
Algazi AM
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Wang, Zhanyun;DeWitt, Jamie C.;Cousins, Ian T.
通讯作者：
Cousins, Ian T.
DOI：
10.1039/d0em00291g
发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
Environmental science. Processes & impacts
影响因子：
--
作者：
Glüge J ;Scheringer M ;Cousins IT ;DeWitt JC ;Goldenman G ;Herzke D ;Lohmann R ;Ng CA ;Trier X ;Wang Z
通讯作者：
Wang Z
DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223
发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
影响因子：
--
作者：
EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM Panel);Schrenk D;Bignami M;Bodin L;Chipman JK;Del Mazo J;Grasl-Kraupp B;Hogstrand C;Hoogenboom LR;Leblanc JC;Nebbia CS;Nielsen E;Ntzani E;Petersen A;Sand S;Vleminckx C;Wallace H;Barregård L;Ceccatelli S;Cravedi JP;Halldorsson TI;Haug LS;Johansson N;Knutsen HK;Rose M;Roudot AC;Van Loveren H;Vollmer G;Mackay K;Riolo F;Schwerdtle T
通讯作者：
Schwerdtle T
影响因子：
10.9
作者：
Kwiatkowski CF;Andrews DQ;Birnbaum LS;Bruton TA;DeWitt JC;Knappe DR;Maffini MV;Miller MF;Pelch KE;Reade A;Soehl A;Trier X;Venier M;Wagner CC;Wang Z;Blum A
通讯作者：
Blum A