Molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA capping and methylation.

Molecular mechanisms of coronavirus RNA capping and methylation.
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冠状病毒RNA加帽和甲基化的分子机制

DOI:
10.1007/s12250-016-3726-4
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发表时间:
2016-02
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Guo D
Guo D
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Y;Guo D

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真核生物mRNA的5′-帽结构对于RNA稳定性、前mRNA剪接、mRNA输出和蛋白质翻译都很重要。许多病毒已经进化出产生它们自己的帽结构的机制,其在加帽鸟嘌呤的N7位置和第一个核苷酸的核糖2′-O位置处具有甲基化,这有助于病毒RNA逃避宿主先天免疫系统的识别。冠状病毒的RNA基因组在20世纪80年代初被鉴定为具有5′-帽。然而,几十年来,冠状病毒的RNA加帽机制仍然未知。自2003年以来,严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒的爆发引起了越来越多的关注,并激发了对冠状病毒分子病毒学的大量研究。本文就冠状病毒基因组RNA的5′-帽结构和甲基化修饰机制的研究进展进行综述。
The 5′-cap structures of eukaryotic mRNAs are important for RNA stability, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, and protein translation. Many viruses have evolved mechanisms for generating their own cap structures with methylation at the N7 position of the capped guanine and the ribose 2′-Oposition of the first nucleotide, which help viral RNAs escape recognition by the host innate immune system. The RNA genomes of coronavirus were identified to have 5′-caps in the early 1980s. However, for decades the RNA capping mechanisms of coronaviruses remained unknown. Since 2003, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has drawn increased attention and stimulated numerous studies on the molecular virology of coronaviruses. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by coronaviruses to produce the 5′-cap structure and methylation modification of viral genomic RNAs.
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