Intense or spatially heterogeneous predation can select against prey dispersal.
Intense or spatially heterogeneous predation can select against prey dispersal.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0028924
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Murrell DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barraquand F;Murrell DJ
扩散理论一般预测亲属竞争，近亲繁殖，在栖息地质量的时间变化应选择扩散，而在栖息地质量的空间变化应选择对扩散。捕食对扩散演化的影响目前还不清楚：因为捕食在空间和时间上都是可变的，所以不清楚捕食是否或何时会促进猎物内的扩散。此外，在生态进化反馈回路中，捕食者扩散的演化强烈影响捕食者和被捕食者个体的相遇率，从而决定了生态动态，进而改变了捕食者扩散的选择压力。综合考虑，捕食对猎物扩散的影响是相当难以预测的。我们分析了一个空间显式的、基于个体的捕食者-食饵模型及其数学近似，研究了食饵扩散的演化。竞争和捕食依赖于当地，而不是规模的密度，捕食的空间格局对应的捕食者使用有限的家庭范围（如中央的地方觅食）。分析表明，竞争水平和捕食压力之间的平衡，个人预计将经历决定猎物是否应该分散或保持接近他们的父母和兄弟姐妹，和更多的捕食选择较少的猎物分散。捕食者与较小的家庭范围也选择较少的猎物分散;更多的猎物分散是有利的，如果捕食者有大的家庭范围，是非常移动的，和/或均匀分布在整个景观。
Dispersal theory generally predicts kin competition, inbreeding, and temporal variation in habitat quality should select for dispersal, whereas spatial variation in habitat quality should select against dispersal. The effect of predation on the evolution of dispersal is currently not well-known: because predation can be variable in both space and time, it is not clear whether or when predation will promote dispersal within prey. Moreover, the evolution of prey dispersal affects strongly the encounter rate of predator and prey individuals, which greatly determines the ecological dynamics, and in turn changes the selection pressures for prey dispersal, in an eco-evolutionary feedback loop. When taken all together the effect of predation on prey dispersal is rather difficult to predict. We analyze a spatially explicit, individual-based predator-prey model and its mathematical approximation to investigate the evolution of prey dispersal. Competition and predation depend on local, rather than landscape-scale densities, and the spatial pattern of predation corresponds well to that of predators using restricted home ranges (e.g. central-place foragers). Analyses show the balance between the level of competition and predation pressure an individual is expected to experience determines whether prey should disperse or stay close to their parents and siblings, and more predation selects for less prey dispersal. Predators with smaller home ranges also select for less prey dispersal; more prey dispersal is favoured if predators have large home ranges, are very mobile, and/or are evenly distributed across the landscape.
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