An Insight into the Factors Influencing Specificity of the SUMO System in Plants.
An Insight into the Factors Influencing Specificity of the SUMO System in Plants.
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DOI：
10.3390/plants9121788
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发表时间：
2020-12-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sadanandom A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Srivastava M;Sadanandom A
由于其固着的性质，植物不断受到各种环境胁迫，例如干旱、盐度和病原体感染。翻译后修饰 (PTM)，如 SUMOylation，在调节植物对其环境的反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。 SUMO 化过程通常涉及酶级联，其中包含 SUMO 与靶蛋白的激活 (E1)、缀合 (E2) 和连接 (E3)。此外，它还需要一类 SUMO 蛋白酶，从其前体生成成熟的 SUMO 并将其从目标蛋白上切割下来，这一过程称为去 SUMO 化。现在很清楚，植物中的 SUMO 化是众多适应性反应的关键。如何通过极其有限的机械部件来实现这一点仍不清楚。一种可能性是新的 SUMO 成分尚未被发现。然而，目前的知识表明，似乎只有一小部分酶负责修饰大量 SUMO 底物。目前尚不清楚 SUMO 系统的特殊性在哪里。尽管这似乎是 SUMO 化研究领域的一个关键问题，但人们对提供特异性的因素知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 SUMO 组件本地化的作用，它是一个重要因素，可以在促进流程的特殊性方面发挥至关重要的作用。这将为我们理解这种动态过程背后的机制引入一个新的方面。
Due to their sessile nature, plants are constantly subjected to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and pathogen infections. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), like SUMOylation, play a vital role in the regulation of plant responses to their environment. The process of SUMOylation typically involves an enzymatic cascade containing the activation, (E1), conjugation (E2), and ligation (E3) of SUMO to a target protein. Additionally, it also requires a class of SUMO proteases that generate mature SUMO from its precursor and cleave it off the target protein, a process termed deSUMOylation. It is now clear that SUMOylation in plants is key to a plethora of adaptive responses. How this is achieved with an extremely limited set of machinery components is still unclear. One possibility is that novel SUMO components are yet to be discovered. However, current knowledge indicates that only a small set of enzymes seem to be responsible for the modification of a large number of SUMO substrates. It is yet unknown where the specificity lies within the SUMO system. Although this seems to be a crucial question in the field of SUMOylation studies, not much is known about the factors that provide specificity. In this review, we highlight the role of the localisation of SUMO components as an important factor that can play a vital role in contributing to the specificity within the process. This will introduce a new facet to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such a dynamic process.
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