Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection.

Molecular biology of hepatitis B virus infection.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.031
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发表时间:
2015-05
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Mason, William S.
Mason, William S.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seeger, Christoph;Mason, William S.

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人乙肝病毒(HBV)是一类小DNA病毒的原型,它能有效地感染肝脏的主要细胞-肝细胞,并通过逆转录末端冗余的病毒RNA前基因组进行复制。在感染后,部分双链的环状病毒DNA在细胞核内转化为共价闭合的环状DNA(CccDNA),该环状DNA组装成微小染色体,即病毒mRNA合成的模板。肝细胞感染是非细胞病态的。肝脏感染可以是暂时性的(6个月),也可以是慢性的、终生的,这取决于宿主免疫反应清除感染的能力。慢性感染可引起免疫介导的肝损伤,进展为肝硬变和肝细胞癌。其致癌机制尚不清楚。使用病毒DNA合成的核苷类似物抑制剂进行的抗病毒治疗可以延缓后遗症,但由于cccDNA在肝细胞中的持续存在而不能治愈乙肝病毒感染。
Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype of a family of small DNA viruses that productively infect hepatocytes, the major cell of the liver, and replicate by reverse transcription of a terminally redundant viral RNA, the pregenome. Upon infection, the circular, partially double-stranded virion DNA is converted in the nucleus to a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that assembles into a minichromosome, the template for viral mRNA synthesis. Infection of hepatocytes is non-cytopathic. Infection of the liver may be either transient (<6 months) or chronic and life long, depending on the ability of the host immune response to clear the infection. Chronic infections can cause immune mediated liver damage progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms of carcinogenesis are unclear. Antiviral therapies with nucleoside analog inhibitors of viral DNA synthesis delay sequelae, but cannot cure HBV infections due to the persistence of cccDNA in hepatocytes.
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