Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 regulates inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages induced by TNF-α.

Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 regulates inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages induced by TNF-α.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-73912-5
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发表时间:
2020-10-08
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Ahmad R
Ahmad R
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Al-Rashed F;Ahmad Z;Thomas R;Melhem M;Snider AJ;Obeid LM;Al-Mulla F;Hannun YA;Ahmad R

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肥胖与 TNF-α 和促炎性 CD11c 单核细胞/巨噬细胞水平升高有关。 TNF-α 介导的单核细胞/巨噬细胞可塑性失调与多种炎症性疾病(包括代谢综合征)的发病机制相伴,但其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。由于中性鞘磷脂酶-2 (nSMase2: SMPD3) 是参与炎症的神经酰胺生成的关键酶,我们研究了 nSMase2 是否有助于 TNF-α 诱导的单核细胞/巨噬细胞的炎症变化。在这项研究中,我们证明,通过化学抑制剂 GW4869 或针对 SMPD3 的小干扰 RNA (siRNA) 破坏单核细胞/巨噬细胞中的 nSMase 活性,会导致 TNF-α 介导的 CD11c 表达缺陷。此外,阻断单核细胞/巨噬细胞中的 nSMase 可抑制炎症介质 IL-1β 和 MCP-1 的分泌。相反,抑制酸性 SMase (aSMase) 活性并不会减弱 CD11c 的表达或 IL-1β 和 MCP-1 的分泌。 TNF-α 诱导的 JNK、p38 和 NF-κB 磷酸化也因 nSMase2 的抑制而减弱。此外,nSMase2 的抑制可阻断 NF-kB/AP-1 活性。 SMPD3 在肥胖个体的 PBMC 中升高,并且与 TNF-α 基因表达呈正相关。这些发现表明,nSMase2 至少部分地充当单核细胞/巨噬细胞中 TNF-α 介导的炎症反应的主开关。
Obesity is associated with elevated levels of TNF-α and proinflammatory CD11c monocytes/macrophages. TNF-α mediated dysregulation in the plasticity of monocytes/macrophages is concomitant with pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including metabolic syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Since neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2: SMPD3) is a key enzyme for ceramide production involved in inflammation, we investigated whether nSMase2 contributed to the inflammatory changes in the monocytes/macrophages induced by TNF-α. In this study, we demonstrate that the disruption of nSMase activity in monocytes/macrophages either by chemical inhibitor GW4869 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SMPD3 results in defects in the TNF-α mediated expression of CD11c. Furthermore, blockage of nSMase in monocytes/macrophages inhibited the secretion of inflammatory mediators IL-1β and MCP-1. In contrast, inhibition of acid SMase (aSMase) activity did not attenuate CD11c expression or secretion of IL-1β and MCP-1. TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and NF-κB was also attenuated by the inhibition of nSMase2. Moreover, NF-kB/AP-1 activity was blocked by the inhibition of nSMase2. SMPD3 was elevated in PBMCs from obese individuals and positively corelated with TNF-α gene expression. These findings indicate that nSMase2 acts, at least in part, as a master switch in the TNF-α mediated inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages.
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