Inclusion requires a comprehensive understanding of justice

Inclusion requires a comprehensive understanding of justice
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包容需要对正义的全面理解

DOI:
10.1002/jee.20296
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Le Doux, Joseph M.
Le Doux, Joseph M.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martin, Chris C.;Newstetter, Wendy C.;Le Doux, Joseph M.

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教育工作者希望公正地对待他们的学生和同事,同样重要的是,他们希望他们的学生公正地对待彼此。我们认为,司法研究领域为促进多样性和包容性提供了坚实的基础。在这篇社论中,我们认为,本科工程团队应该被教导如何衡量正义,如何构建团队流程,以增加正义,以及如何改善不公正。这些课程可以提高这些团队中的包容性水平,并为学生在职业生涯中的包容性做好准备。大多数人都会同意,排斥,一种排斥形式,是包容的对立面。排斥人民的一种方式是不公正地剥夺他们在分配中的公平份额,这必然导致不公正。事实上,当心理学家在实验室进行排斥研究时,他们通过在群体成员中不公正地分配资源和机会来诱导排斥(威廉姆斯和贾维斯,2006;威廉姆斯和索默,1997)。另一种排斥他人的方式是不尊重,即没有向他们展示他们有权得到的考虑(DT米勒,2001)。这种失败也是不公正的表现。因此,正义是包容的先决条件。许多大学现在都有培训计划,以防止边缘化学生受到不公正的待遇。而不是直接关注正义,然而,许多项目关注内隐偏见或微攻击(Lilienfeld,2017 a; Russell-Brown,2018)。这些计划可能有一些好处,但这些主题背后的科学仍然是模糊的(Blanton,Jaccard,Strauts,Mitchell,& Tetlock,2015; Lilienfeld,2017 a,2017 b; Oswald,Mitchell,Blanton,Jaccard,& Tetlock,2013,2015)。相比之下,正义是包容性的核心,但根据我们的经验,大多数教育工作者并不熟悉社会学、心理学和组织行为学领域五十年的正义研究。经济学家、社会学家和心理学家的现代正义研究可以追溯到20世纪中期的社会交换理论,当时研究人员分析了商品的公正和不公正交换(Thibaut & Kelley,1959)。此后的发展已经将重点转向实施公平的程序(DT米勒,2001年,第100页)。528-530)。今天的共识是,至少有四个方面的正义是突出的正义在组织和团队:分配正义,程序正义,人际(international)正义,和信息正义(Colquitt,2001)。
Educators wish to treat their students and colleagues justly, and equally important, they wish their students to treat one another justly. We believe that the field of justice research provides a strong foundation for promoting diversity and inclusion. In this editorial, we argue that undergraduate engineering teams should be taught how to measure justice, how to structure team processes to increase justice, and how to ameliorate injustice. These lessons can increase the level of inclusion within these teams and prepare students to be inclusive during their professional careers.Most people would agree that ostracism, a form of exclusion, is the opposite of inclusion. One way to ostracize people is to unjustly deny them a fair share of a distribution, which entails injustice. In fact, when psychologists conduct laboratory research on exclusion, they induce ostracism by distributing resources and opportunities unjustly among group members (Williams & Jarvis, 2006; Williams & Sommer, 1997). Another way to exclude people is through disrespect, the failure to show them the consideration they are entitled to (DT Miller, 2001). This failure is also a manifestation of injustice. Thus, justice is a prerequisite for inclusion. Many universities now have training programs to prevent the unjust treatment of marginalized students. Rather than directly focusing on justice, however, many programs focus on implicit biases or microaggressions (Lilienfeld, 2017a; Russell-Brown, 2018). These programs may have some benefits, but the science behind these topics is still murky (Blanton, Jaccard, Strauts, Mitchell, & Tetlock, 2015; Lilienfeld, 2017a, 2017b; Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, & Tetlock, 2013, 2015). In contrast, justice is central to inclusion, and yet most educators, in our experience, are not familiar with the five decades of justice research in sociology, psychology, and organizational behavior. Modern justice research by economists, sociologists, and psychologists dates to mid-20th-century work on social exchange theory, when researchers analyzed just and unjust exchanges of goods (Thibaut & Kelley, 1959). Developments since then have shifted the focus toward implementing fair procedures (DT Miller, 2001, pp. 528–530). The consensus today is that at least four dimensions of justice are salient for justice within organizations and teams: distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal (interactional) justice, and informational justice (Colquitt, 2001).
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