Unexpected resilience of a seagrass system exposed to global stressors

Unexpected resilience of a seagrass system exposed to global stressors
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遭受全球压力的海草系统具有意想不到的恢复力

DOI:
10.1111/gcb.13854
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
11.6
通讯作者:
Kroeker, Kristy J.
Kroeker, Kristy J.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hughes, Brent B.;Lummis, Sarah C.;Anderson, Sean C.;Kroeker, Kristy J.

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尽管越来越多的兴趣在确定响应环境变化的临界点,我们的理解的生态机制的非线性生态系统动力学是有限的。由强物种相互作用控制的生态系统可以提供重要的见解,了解生物体及其环境之间的非线性关系如何通过生态系统传播,以及环境介导的物种相互作用推动或保护生态系统免受突然变化的潜力。在这里,我们通过实验确定函数关系(即,预测和响应变量之间的关系的形状)的海草组合与明确的物种相互作用,海洋酸化(富集二氧化碳)的隔离和结合营养负荷。我们证明,海洋酸化对食草动物生物量(Phyllaesthia tayloriandIdotea resecata)的影响是二次的,食草动物生物量的峰值出现在中等pH水平。藻类放牧的负面影响,营养物质,可能是由于低放牧亲和力的大型藻类(石莼),招聘的大型藻类和硅藻有利于在营养条件升高。这导致大型藻类和附生植物生物量随着海洋酸化而呈指数增长,而不管营养物浓度如何。如果不加以控制,藻类会通过遮荫和竞争导致海草生产力和持久性下降。尽管二次和指数函数关系的压力,可能会导致海草生物量的非线性下降,我们的模型海草的生产力-的鳗草(大叶藻滨海)-保持高度弹性增加酸化。这些结果表明,重要的物种之间的相互作用,生态系统动态可能会随着环境的变化而变化,生态系统状态可能会脱钩,在较低的组织水平的生态响应。
Despite a growing interest in identifying tipping points in response to environmental change, our understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying nonlinear ecosystem dynamics is limited. Ecosystems governed by strong species interactions can provide important insight into how nonlinear relationships between organisms and their environment propagate through ecosystems, and the potential for environmentally mediated species interactions to drive or protect against sudden ecosystem shifts. Here, we experimentally determine the functional relationships (i.e., the shapes of the relationships between predictor and response variables) of a seagrass assemblage with well‐defined species interactions to ocean acidification (enrichment of CO2) in isolation and in combination with nutrient loading. We demonstrate that the effect of ocean acidification on grazer biomass (Phyllaplysia tayloriandIdotea resecata) was quadratic, with the peak of grazer biomass at mid‐pH levels. Algal grazing was negatively affected by nutrients, potentially due to low grazer affinity for macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis), as recruitment of both macroalgae and diatoms were favored in elevated nutrient conditions. This led to an exponential increase in macroalgal and epiphyte biomass with ocean acidification, regardless of nutrient concentration. When left unchecked, algae can cause declines in seagrass productivity and persistence through shading and competition. Despite quadratic and exponential functional relationships to stressors that could cause a nonlinear decrease in seagrass biomass, productivity of our model seagrass—the eelgrass (Zostera marina)‐ remained highly resilient to increasing acidification. These results suggest that important species interactions governing ecosystem dynamics may shift with environmental change, and ecosystem state may be decoupled from ecological responses at lower levels of organization.
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