Perception of variability in category development: Instance- versus abstraction-based stereotypes.
Perception of variability in category development: Instance- versus abstraction-based stereotypes.
复制标题
对类别发展变化的感知：实例与基于抽象的刻板印象。
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.621
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
R. Hastie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernadette Park;R. Hastie
我们通过两个实验考察了社会范畴的习得和表征，重点考察了群体成员对变异性的感知。在实验1中，受试者了解到一个善于交际和聪明的群体，他们在这些属性上的变异性或高或低。群体成员实际变异性的差异反映在受试者对变异性的估计中，反映在他们倾向于从整个群体中单个成员的特征和目标中概括出来，以及他们对新实例的分类判断中，这反映了他们对群体成员未来行为的预期。对类别实例的记忆在这些判断任务中也起到了作用。在实验2中，首先了解群体成员的行为，然后了解群体的一般特征的受试者比那些以相反顺序学习相同信息的受试者认为群体更具变异性。在这两个实验中，我们对特定行为的记忆进行了操控，使得最极端的行为或分布中心的行为最容易记住。这种操作不影响对感知变异性的估计，这表明这些估计是在线构建和存储的，而不是从检索到的一组类别样本中进行的。
We conducted two experiments to investigate the acquisition and representation of social categories, with an emphasis on the perception of variability of group members. In Experiment 1, subjects learned about a group that was sociable and intelligent and either high or low in variability with respect to these attributes. Differences in the actual variability of group members were reflected in subjects' estimates of variability, in their tendency to generalize from the traits and goals of a single member of the entire group, and in their classification judgments of new instances, which reflected their expectations of group members' future behavior. Memory for instances of the category also played a role in these judgment tasks. In Experiment 2, subjects who first learned about the behaviors performed by group members and then about general characteristics of the group perceived the group as more variable than did those who learned the same information in the reverse order. In both experiments, we manipulated memory for specific behaviors such that either the most extreme behaviors or behaviors at the center of the distribution were most memorable. This manipulation did not affect estimates of perceived variability, suggesting that these were constructed and stored on-line rather than from a retrieved set of category exemplars.
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.12.2.241
发表时间：
1986-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
FLANNAGAN, MJ;FRIED, LS;HOLYOAK, KJ
通讯作者：
HOLYOAK, KJ
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.10.2.234
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fried,LS;Holyoak,KJ
通讯作者：
Holyoak,KJ
人类的学习和记忆。
影响因子：
24.8
作者：
Johnson,MK;Hasher,L
通讯作者：
Hasher,L