Seasonal changes in neophobia and its consistency in rooks: the effect of novelty type and dominance position.
Seasonal changes in neophobia and its consistency in rooks: the effect of novelty type and dominance position.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.010
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Clayton, Nicola S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greggor, Alison L.;Jolles, Jolle W.;Thornton, Alex;Clayton, Nicola S.
恐新症，或对新奇事物的恐惧，可能通过限制动物暴露于未知危险而给它们带来好处，但也可能通过阻止对潜在资源的探索而带来代价。如果捕食压力、资源分布或同种竞争季节性变化，恐新症的成本和收益可能在一年中各不相同。尽管有这样的变化，新恐惧症的水平往往被认为是暂时和个人稳定。无论是新恐惧症的表达季节性变化和波动的所有人都是至关重要的理解的驱动程序，后果和可塑性的新奇回避。我们调查了季节性差异和个人的一致性的动机和新奇的反应，一个圈养的一组乌鸦，乌鸦frugilegus，季节性繁殖，殖民地物种的corvid是已知的neophobic。我们测试了一组新奇的物体和新奇的人，以确定反应是否在新奇类型中普遍化，并考虑了优势的差异是否会影响接近未知刺激的社会风险。我们发现，该集团的对象新恐惧症的水平是稳定的全年，但个人并不一致的季节之间，尽管是一致的季节内。相反，在繁殖季节，群体对陌生人的回避减少了，个体全年都是一致的。此外，虽然下级鸟类更有可能在繁殖季节挑战优势，这种社会风险并没有转化为更大的新奇的方法。由于季节性变化和个体一致性对每种新奇类型的不同，对新奇物体和人的反应似乎是由不同的机制。这种程度的波动会对其他个体一致的行为产生影响，这些行为通常是在非人类人格文献中测量的。季节性变化和一致性的新恐惧症是在一个车的社会群体。对新事物的恐惧没有季节性变化，但对新事物的恐惧却有季节性变化。支配地位并不能预测新恐惧症。个人表达了不同类型的回避对比反应规范。季节性变化和不一致性表明新恐惧症并不总是一个稳定的特征。
Neophobia, or the fear of novelty, may offer benefits to animals by limiting their exposure to unknown danger, but can also impose costs by preventing the exploration of potential resources. The costs and benefits of neophobia may vary throughout the year if predation pressure, resource distribution or conspecific competition changes seasonally. Despite such variation, neophobia levels are often assumed to be temporally and individually stable. Whether or not neophobia expression changes seasonally and fluctuates equally for all individuals is crucial to understanding the drivers, consequences and plasticity of novelty avoidance. We investigated seasonal differences and individual consistency in the motivation and novelty responses of a captive group of rooks, Corvus frugilegus, a seasonally breeding, colonial species of corvid that is known for being neophobic. We tested the group around novel objects and novel people to determine whether responses generalized across novelty types, and considered whether differences in dominance could influence the social risk of approaching unknown stimuli. We found that the group's level of object neophobia was stable year-round, but individuals were not consistent between seasons, despite being consistent within seasons. In contrast, the group's avoidance of novel people decreased during the breeding season, and individuals were consistent year-round. Additionally, although subordinate birds were more likely to challenge dominants during the breeding season, this social risk taking did not translate to greater novelty approach. Since seasonal variation and individual consistency varied differently towards each novelty type, responses towards novel objects and people seem to be governed by different mechanisms. Such a degree of fluctuation has consequences for other individually consistent behaviours often measured within the nonhuman personality literature. Seasonal variation and consistency in neophobia was measured in a rook social group. Object neophobia did not vary seasonally but fear of novel people did. Dominance did not predict neophobia. Individuals expressed contrasting reaction norms for different types of avoidance. Seasonal variation and inconsistency suggest neophobia is not always a stable trait.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2012.2712
发表时间：
2013-04-07
影响因子：
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