Enabling persistent presence? Performing the embodied geopolitics of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle assemblage
Enabling persistent presence? Performing the embodied geopolitics of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle assemblage
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启用持久存在？
DOI：
10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.08.002
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Williams A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Williams A
军用无人机(UAV)越来越多地被用于在战区内提供监视和攻击能力。关于这些飞机的许多言辞的核心是它们被认为有能力在整个战场上持续存在。他们也是独一无二的，因为他们积极地将机组人员与飞机保持距离。本文试图质疑这种持续存在的说法是否合理，并考虑了飞行员与机器之间的距离在这方面的影响。为了实现这一点，本文着重于将无人机概念化为由人和机器元素组成的装配。它使用皇家空军死神无人机机组人员的第一手资料作为基础，分析在阿富汗部署这些飞机正在改变空中战斗人员经历战争的方式。它通过利用体现了地缘政治的女权主义者来做到这一点，将其从对战争受害者的关注重新塑造为利用它来理解这些无人机组装中的人类如何经历战斗的微观尺度。因此，本文重点关注收割者无人机通过分析其假定的多于人类的漫游和视觉能力实现持久存在的程度，以及与需要更多人在环路中的要求相关的限制。论文认为，尽管像收割者这样的无人机改变了战斗的地缘政治，但对集结中人的因素的持续要求限制了它们提供持续存在的能力。
Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being increasingly used to provide surveillance and attack capabilities within war zones. At the heart of much of the rhetoric about these aircraft is their supposed ability to enable persistent presence across the battlespace. They are also unique in that they actively distance the aircrew from the aircraft. This paper seeks to question whether this claim to persistent presence can be justified and considers the implications of the distancing of pilot from machine in this. In order to achieve this, the paper focuses upon conceptualising UAVs as assemblages, composed of both human and machine elements. It uses firsthand accounts from a Royal Air Force Reaper UAV aircrew as a basis to analyse the ways in which the deployment of these aircraft in Afghanistan is changing the ways that war is experienced by aerial combatants. It does this through the utilisation of a feminist, embodied geopolitics, refiguring it from a concern with victims of war to argue for its use to understand the micro-scale of how the humans within these UAV assemblages experience combat. This paper thus focuses upon the extent to which the Reaper UAV achieves a persistent presence through analysis of its supposed more-than-human loitering and vision abilities, and the limitations associated with the requirement for a human-in-the loop. The paper contends that although UAVs like the Reaper change the geopolitics of combat, the continuing requirement for the human element of the assemblage restricts their ability to provide persistent presence.
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