Fruit development and ripening.
Fruit development and ripening.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/eru307
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发表时间：
2014-08
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Granell A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seymour GB;Granell A
《实验植物学杂志》上一期果实发育与成熟专刊（第53卷，第377期，2002年10月）出版至今已有12年。当时，乙烯在果实成熟中的生物合成和作用模式已经确定，遗传学的进展揭示了基因和表型之间的联系，特别值得注意的是基于图位的番茄非成熟位点基因克隆，如成熟抑制剂（rin）。从那时起，我们对番茄和许多其他干果和多肉水果成熟的理解有了实质性的进展。这已经被包括肉质果实的物种在内的广泛植物的基因组序列的交付以及理解调控网络的系统生物学方法的发展所加速。2002年的第一篇论文是桑迪克纳普的开创性工作，重点是茄科的果实多样性，并强调了干果和肉质果形式之间的系统发育关系（克纳普，2002年）。本卷描述了在理解水果发育和成熟的机制基础以及控制这些过程的调控网络的保护方面所取得的进展，这些过程以干燥和肉质的形式跨越广泛的类群。系统生物学方法已经开始揭示成熟过程的复杂性，而基因组序列已经促进了数量性状基因座（QTL）的基因的鉴定，表观遗传学的重要性开始变得明显。在这期特刊的第一篇论文中，来自英国莱斯特大学的索菲亚·库姆佩特利和西内德·德雷亚回顾了两种乍一看非常不同的干果--罂粟壳和谷物--的发育和成熟过程中所涉及的调控网络。他们强调了MADS盒基因的重要性，包括FRUITFULL（FUL）和SHATTERPROOF（SHP），并将这些事件置于系统发育框架的背景下。来自西班牙瓦伦西亚植物分子和细胞生物研究所的Cristina Ferrándiz和Chloé Fourquin随后回顾了FUL和SHP在拟南芥中的作用，并全面讨论了它们在许多其他物种中的作用，包括拟南芥、豆类和肉质水果（Ferrándiz和Fourquin，2014）。干果的开裂和成熟，甚至肉质果实的木质化程度，与FUL和SHP表达之间的复杂关系有关，他们的综述得出结论，FUL和SHP在肉质和干果的后期果实发育中具有保守的作用。这些想法在2002年的特刊中得到了暗示，现在提出了强有力的支持证据，证明开裂和成熟具有共同的起源和平行的过程，而不是完全不同的过程。同样来自瓦伦西亚的María Dolores Gómez和同事为我们探索和发展了关于干燥和肉质水果中“成熟”和“过度成熟”的机制基础之间的相似性和差异的进一步想法，包括比较衰老和成熟的拟南芥角果和番茄浆果的转录组（Gómez等人，2014年）。控制肉质果实成熟的分子网络也是来自一系列欧洲和南美实验室的科学家评论的焦点（Karlova等人，2014; Kuhn等人，2014年）。Karlova和他的同事们介绍了模型肉质水果番茄的最新技术，并引起了我们对表观基因组在控制成熟过程中的作用的最新发现的注意。番茄是一种跃变型水果，成熟是在乙烯的控制下进行的。
It has been 12 years since publication of the last Journal of Experimental Botany Special Issue on Fruit Development and Ripening (Vol. 53, No 377, October 2002). At that time the biosynthesis and mode of action of ethylene in fruit ripening had already been established, and advances in genetics were revealing links between genes and phenotypes, especially noteworthy was the map-based cloning of genes underlying tomato non-ripening loci such as ripening inhibitor (rin). Since then there have been substantial advances in our understanding of ripening in tomato and many other dry and fleshy fruits. This has been accelerated by the delivery of genome sequences for a wide range of plants including fleshy fruit bearing species and the development of systems biology approaches to understanding regulatory networks. The first paper in the 2002 issue was a seminal work by Sandy Knapp focused on fruit diversity in the Solanaceae and highlighting the phylogenetic relationships between dry and fleshy fruit forms (Knapp, 2002). The current volume describes the progress that has been made in understanding the mechanistic basis of fruit development and ripening and the conservation of regulatory networks controlling these processes, in both dry and fleshy forms across a wide range of taxa. Systems biology approaches have begun to reveal the complexity of the ripening process, while genome sequences have facilitated the identification of genes underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the importance of epigenetics is beginning to become apparent. In the first paper in this special issue, Sofia Kourmpetli and Sinéad Drea from the University of Leicester in the UK review the regulatory networks involved in the development and maturation of two, at first sight, very different dry fruits, the poppy capsule and the cereal grain. They highlight the importance of MADS-box genes including FRUITFULL (FUL) and SHATTERPROOF (SHP), and set these events in the context of a phylogenetic framework. Cristina Ferrándiz and Chloé Fourquin from Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas in Valencia, Spain, then review the role of FUL and SHP in Arabidopsis and provide a comprehensive discussion of their role in many other species including Brassicas, legumes and also in fleshy fruits (Ferrándiz and Fourquin, 2014). Dehiscence in dry fruits and ripening, and even the extent of lignification in fleshy fruits, is linked to the complex relationship between FUL and SHP expression, and their review concludes that there are conserved roles of FUL and SHP in late fruit development both in fleshy and dry fruits. These ideas were hinted at in the 2002 Special Issue and strong supporting evidence is now presented consistent with dehiscence and ripening sharing a common origin and being parallel, rather than completely different processes. María Dolores Gómez and colleagues, also from Valencia, explore and develop for us further ideas about the similarities and differences between the mechanistic basis of ‘ripening’and ‘over-ripening’in dry and fleshy fruits including comparing the transcriptomes of senescent and ripening Arabidopsis siliques and tomato berries (Gómez et al., 2014). Molecular networks controlling the ripening of fleshy fruits are also the focus of reviews by scientists from a range of European and South American laboratories (Karlova et al., 2014; Kuhn et al., 2014). Karlova and colleagues present the stateof-the-art for the model fleshy fruit, tomato, and bring to our attention recent discoveries relating to the role of the epigenome in controlling the ripening process. Tomato is a climacteric fruit where ripening is under the control of ethylene …
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Dai ZW;Meddar M;Renaud C;Merlin I;Hilbert G;Delrot S;Gomès E
通讯作者：
Gomès E
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Fu X;Feng C;Wang C;Yin X;Lu P;Grierson D;Xu C;Chen K
通讯作者：
Chen K