Breaking Iron Triangles: Beliefs and Interests in Japanese Renewable Energy Policy

Breaking Iron Triangles: Beliefs and Interests in Japanese Renewable Energy Policy
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打破铁三角:日本可再生能源政策的信念和利益

DOI:
10.1093/ssjj/jyaa048
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Watanabe Rie
Watanabe Rie
中科院分区:
法学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
諸富徹(編著);中山琢夫・小川祐貴・山東晃大・稲垣憲治・ラウパッハ=スミヤ ヨーク・佐無田光・八木信一・荻野亮吾・太田隆之・井上博成・西野寿章・宮永健太郎(著);白井信雄編著;根本志保子;Toshinori TANAKA;Watanabe Rie

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本文分析了日本可再生能源政策的变化,重点分析了多种催化剂的相互作用,这些催化剂改变了占主导地位的成员的立场、信念和利益,并导致了非增量可再生能源政策的变化(2003年制定了创新但效率较低的可再生能源组合标准(RPS),2009年部分适合光伏发电,最终在2011年更有效地全面适合推广可再生能源)。被考察的多重催化剂包括2009年从自民党(LDP)转向日本民主党(DPJ)的执政联盟更迭,以及与日本能源政策制定背后的价值观相关的其他四个催化剂(石油危机、气候变化、电力市场自由化和核事故):能源安全、环境、经济效率和安全(3E+S)。文章的结论是,后四种催化剂在很长一段时间内在优势基团成员之间创造和扩大分裂是关键的,足以实现RPS的引入和部分匹配,但不足以引入全面匹配。执政联盟更迭后的3/11灾难对于实现全面契合是不可或缺的,因为它影响了菅直人罢免菅直人的主要群体成员的利益,此前菅直人将通过契合法律作为他自愿辞职的条件之一。在实证研究的基础上,本文还探讨了一个未被深入探讨的理论问题,即多个催化剂在非增量政策变化中的作用及其相互关系。
This article analyses Japan’s renewable energy policy changes, with a focus on the interaction of multiple catalysts on changing positions, beliefs and interests of dominant-group members, and inducing non-incremental renewable policy changes (an innovative but less effective Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in 2003 as well as a partial FIT for photovoltaics in 2009 and ultimately a more effective full-scale FIT to promote renewables in 2011). The examined multiple catalysts include the governing coalition change from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) in 2009 and four other catalysts (the oil crisis, climate change, electricity market liberalisation, and nuclear accidents) that relate to the values underlying Japan’s energy policymaking: energy security, environment, economic efficiency, and safety (3E+S). The article concludes that the latter four catalysts were critical in creating and expanding cleavages among dominant-group members over a long period sufficient to realise the introduction of RPS and a partial FIT, but not sufficient to introduce the full-scale FIT. The 3/11 disaster after the governing coalition change was indispensable to achieving a full-scale FIT as it affected dominant-group members’ interests in removing Kan Naoto from office, after Kan made the FIT law passage one of the conditions for his voluntary resignation. Based on the empirical study, this article also addresses one of the underexplored theoretical questions, the effects of and relationship between multiple catalysts in non-incremental policy change.
DOI: --
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