Catastrophic valley fills record large Himalayan earthquakes, Pokhara, Nepal
Catastrophic valley fills record large Himalayan earthquakes, Pokhara, Nepal
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尼泊尔博卡拉灾难性山谷充满了喜马拉雅山创纪录的大地震
DOI:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.015
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Adhikari
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stolle;Bernhardt;Schwanghart;Hoelzmann;Adhikari
Uncertain timing and magnitudes of past mega-earthquakes continue to confound seismic risk appraisals in the Himalayas. Telltale traces of surface ruptures are rare, while fault trenches document several events at best, so that additional proxies of strong ground motion are needed to complement the paleoseismological record. We study Nepal's Pokhara basin, which has the largest and most extensively dated archive of earthquake-triggered valley fills in the Himalayas. These sediments form a 148-km2fan that issues from the steep Seti Khola gorge in the Annapurna Massif, invading and plugging 15 tributary valleys with tens of meters of debris, and impounding several lakes. Nearly a dozen new radiocarbon ages corroborate at least three episodes of catastrophic sedimentation on the fan between ∼700 and ∼1700 AD, coinciding with great earthquakes in ∼1100, 1255, and 1344 AD, and emplacing roughly >5 km3of debris that forms the Pokhara Formation. We offer a first systematic sedimentological study of this formation, revealing four lithofacies characterized by thick sequences of mid-fan fluvial conglomerates, debris-flow beds, and fan-marginal slackwater deposits. New geochemical provenance analyses reveal that these upstream dipping deposits of Higher Himalayan origin contain lenses of locally derived river clasts that mark time gaps between at least three major sediment pulses that buried different parts of the fan. The spatial pattern of14C dates across the fan and the provenance data are key to distinguishing these individual sediment pulses, as these are not evident from their sedimentology alone. Our study demonstrates how geomorphic and sedimentary evidence of catastrophic valley infill can help to independently verify and augment paleoseismological fault-trench records of great Himalayan earthquakes, while offering unparalleled insights into their long-term geomorphic impacts on major drainage basins.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Bhagawat Rimal;H. Baral;N. Stork;K. Paudyal;Sushila Rijal
通讯作者:
Sushila Rijal
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
R. Mishra;Ishwar Singh;A. Pandey;P. S. Rao;H. K. Sahoo;R. Jayangondaperumal
通讯作者:
R. Jayangondaperumal
影响因子:
2.3
作者:
A. Waltham
通讯作者:
A. Waltham
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1982
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Hidetsugu Yamanaka
通讯作者:
Hidetsugu Yamanaka
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1974
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Klaus. Hormann
通讯作者:
Klaus. Hormann