Proximity to natural habitat and flower plantings increases insect populations and pollination services in South African apple orchards
Proximity to natural habitat and flower plantings increases insect populations and pollination services in South African apple orchards
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靠近自然栖息地和花卉种植增加了南非苹果园的昆虫数量和授粉服务
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13984
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ratto F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ratto F
在农田内引入野花植被已被证明可以增强授粉者的活动和对作物的授粉服务，欧洲的研究结果表明花卉处理和景观环境之间的相互作用。南非好望角植物区系区（CFR）的自然fynbos补丁是潜在的水库有益的昆虫，可以提高传粉者的人口和作物授粉在商业苹果园。然而，在南温带地区，接近自然栖息地和花卉增强处理对作物授粉者和产量的影响尚未得到充分的测试，为了阐明增强的花卉资源对苹果花访客和作物产量的影响，我们在CFR的商业苹果园的非生产区域建立了小型的花卉实验斑块。实验果园被嵌入在景观与不同比例的自然栖息地在1公里。通过传粉者排除试验，研究了昆虫授粉对苹果产量、品质和经济价值的影响，结果表明，该地区苹果花的主要传粉者是当地特有的Cape蜜蜂Apis mellifera capensis。花卉种植提高了果园内的整体传粉者丰度和蜜蜂访花，并对苹果的大小和经济价值产生了积极影响。景观复杂度的增加对野生蜜蜂有显著的正效应，但对蜜蜂无显著影响。我们证明，在果园内的花卉种植的存在下，提高授粉活动在苹果园和苹果质量。这种可持续管理做法可能是种植者的一个有利可图的选择，可以增加授粉服务，同时减少对租用蜂箱的依赖。这些做法可以间接地有助于提高景观尺度的恢复力和连通性，同时也有利于剩余自然栖息地内的传粉者。
Introducing areas of wildflower vegetation within crop fields has been shown to enhance pollinator activity and pollination services to crops, and findings in Europe showed an interaction effect between floral treatments and landscape context. Natural fynbos patches in the South African Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are potential reservoirs for beneficial insects that could enhance pollinator populations and crop pollination in commercial apple orchards. However, the effect of proximity to natural habitat and floral enhancement treatments on crop pollinators and yield are yet to be fully tested in southern temperate regions.To elucidate the impact of enhanced floral resources to apple flower visitors and crop yield, we established small experimental patches of flowers in non‐productive areas of commercial appleMalus domesticaorchards in the CFR. Experimental orchards were embedded in landscapes with varying proportions of natural habitat within 1 km. We used pollinator exclusion experiments to determine the benefits of insect pollination on apple yield, quality and economic value.We found that the primary pollinator of apple flowers in the region is the endemic Cape honey bee, Apis mellifera capensis. Floral plantings enhanced overall pollinator abundance and honey bee flower visitation within the orchards, and positively affected apple size and economic value. Increased landscape complexity had a significantly positive effect on wild bees but not on honey bees.Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that presence of floral plantings within orchards enhances pollinator activity within apple orchards and apple quality. This sustainable management practice may represent a profitable choice for growers, which could increase pollination services while reducing reliance on renting hives. These practices can indirectly contribute to increased landscape‐scale resilience and connectivity while also benefiting pollinators within the remaining natural habitat.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Seibold, Sebastian;Gossner, Martin M.;Weisser, Wolfgang W.
通讯作者：
Weisser, Wolfgang W.
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Steward;Gorm E. Shackelford;L. Carvalheiro;T. Benton;L. Garibaldi;S. Sait
通讯作者：
P. Steward;Gorm E. Shackelford;L. Carvalheiro;T. Benton;L. Garibaldi;S. Sait
南部非洲蜜蜂（膜翅目：Apoidea）的多样性、分布模式和特有现象
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Kuhlmann
通讯作者：
M. Kuhlmann
使用盘式诱捕器对蜜蜂群落进行采样：替代方法可增加样本量
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Joseph S. Wilson;Joshua P. Jahner;Lisa Starley;Carmelle L. Calvin;Harold Ikerd;T. Griswold
通讯作者：
T. Griswold
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Allsopp, Mike H.;de Lange, Willem J.;Veldtman, Ruan
通讯作者：
Veldtman, Ruan