Chemistry of a Unique Polyketide-like Synthase.

Chemistry of a Unique Polyketide-like Synthase.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.7b13297
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发表时间:
2018-02-21
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Narayan ARH
Narayan ARH
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chun SW;Hinze ME;Skiba MA;Narayan ARH

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像许多复杂的天然产物一样,石房蛤毒素(STX)的复杂结构阻碍了对这种支架作为研究电压门控钠离子通道的工具和作为药剂的效用的充分探索。已建立的化学策略可以提供获得天然产物的途径;然而,尚未设计出可以加速获得相关化合物的石房蛤毒素的化学酶促途径。对这类分子实现化学酶促方法的第一步是阐明石房蛤毒素的生物合成途径。迄今为止,STX和其假定的生物合成酶之间的生物化学联系尚未得到证实。在这里,我们报告的第一个生化特性的任何酶参与STX的生物合成。具体而言,一个聚酮类合成酶,SxtA,从蓝藻spermopsis raciborskii T3的化学功能阐明。这种独特的大合成酶由四个结构域组成:甲基转移酶(MT),GCN 5相关的N-乙酰基转移酶(GNAT),酰基载体蛋白(ACP),以及与多结构域合成酶相关的8-氨基-7-氧代壬酸合成酶(AONS)的第一个例子。我们已经确定,该单一多肽进行两个碳-碳键的形成、两个脱羧事件和立体特异性质子化,以提供STX的线性生物合成前体(4)。SxtA AONS的合成效用通过在一个步骤中从相应的α-氨基酸合成一系列α-氨基酮来证明。
Like many complex natural products, the intricate architecture of saxitoxin (STX) has hindered full exploration of this scaffold’s utility as a tool for studying voltage-gated sodium ion channels and as a pharmaceutical agent. Established chemical strategies can provide access to the natural product; however, a chemoenzymatic route to saxitoxin that could provide expedited access to related compounds has not been devised. The first step toward realizing a chemoenzymatic approach toward this class of molecules is the elucidation of the saxitoxin biosynthetic pathway. To date, a biochemical link between STX and its putative biosynthetic enzymes has not been demonstrated. Herein, we report the first biochemical characterization of any enzyme involved in STX biosynthesis. Specifically, the chemical functions of a polyketide-like synthase, SxtA, from the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 are elucidated. This unique megasynthase is comprised of four domains: methyltransferase (MT), GCN5-related N-acetyl-transferase (GNAT), acyl carrier protein (ACP), and the first example of an 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS) associated with a multi-domain synthase. We have established that this single polypeptide carries out the formation of two carbon-carbon bonds, two decarboxylation events and a stereospecific protonation to afford the linear biosynthetic precursor to STX (4). The synthetic utility of the SxtA AONS is demonstrated by the synthesis of a suite of α-amino ketones from the corresponding α-amino acid in a single step.
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