The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence.
The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence.
复制标题
早期压力作为酒精和药物依赖性的预测因素。
DOI：
10.1007/s00213-010-1916-6
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Enoch, Mary-Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enoch, Mary-Anne
遗传和环境对酒精和药物依赖性的影响同样重要。不幸的是，在一般人群中普遍存在的早期生活压力，已被证明可以预测广泛的精神病理学，包括成瘾。这篇综述将着眼于早期生活压力的特点，这可能是青少年和成人酒精和药物依赖的具体预测因素，并将重点放在人类，非人灵长类动物和啮齿类动物的研究。在青春期之前，特别是在生命的最初几年，经历虐待和累积的压力生活事件与青春期早期出现问题饮酒和成年早期酒精和药物依赖有关。生命早期的压力可能导致永久性的神经激素和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的变化，大脑的形态变化和中脑边缘多巴胺奖赏通路的基因表达变化，所有这些都与成瘾的发展有关。然而，很大一部分经历过严重的早期生活压力的儿童并没有发展出精神病理学，这表明基因-环境相互作用以及家庭和同伴关系等中介因素对恢复力很重要。似乎有一个直接的途径，从青春期前儿童的慢性压力暴露，通过青少年问题饮酒，酒精和药物依赖在成年早期。然而，这一途径可能受到遗传和环境因素的影响。基因-环境相互作用在风险-复原力平衡中所起的作用正日益得到认可。
Genetic and environmental influences on the development of alcohol and drug dependence are equally important. Exposure to early life stress, that is unfortunately common in the general population, has been shown to predict a wide range of psychopathology, including addiction. This review will look at the characteristics of early life stress that may be specific predictors for adolescent and adult alcohol and drug dependence and will focus on studies in humans, non-human primates and rodents. Experiencing maltreatment and cumulative stressful life events prior to puberty and particularly in the first few years of life is associated with early onset of problem drinking in adolescence and alcohol and drug dependence in early adulthood. Early life stress can result in permanent neurohormonal and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes, morphological changes in the brain and gene expression changes in the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway, all of which are implicated in the development of addiction. However, a large proportion of children who have experienced even severe early life stress do not develop psychopathology indicating that mediating factors such as gene-environment interactions and family and peer relationships are important for resilience. There appears to be a direct pathway from chronic stress exposure in pre-pubertal children via adolescent problem drinking to alcohol and drug dependence in early adulthood. However, this route can be moderated by genetic and environmental factors. The role that gene-environment interactions play in the risk-resilience balance is being increasingly recognized.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Agartz, I;Momenan, R;Hommer, DW
通讯作者：
Hommer, DW
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Carpenter, Linda L.;Carvalho, John P.;Price, Lawrence H.
通讯作者：
Price, Lawrence H.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Binder, Elisabeth B.;Owens, Michael J.;Nemeroff, Charles B.
通讯作者：
Nemeroff, Charles B.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Binder, Elisabeth B.;Bradley, Rebekah G.;Ressler, Kerry J.
通讯作者：
Ressler, Kerry J.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.172091899
发表时间：
2002-08-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Barrot, M;Olivier, JDA;Nestler, EJ
通讯作者：
Nestler, EJ