Freedom of Thought and Mental Integrity: The Moral Requirements for Any Neural Prosthesis.
Freedom of Thought and Mental Integrity: The Moral Requirements for Any Neural Prosthesis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2018.00082
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Lavazza A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lavazza A
有许多种神经假体可用或正在研究的今天。在大多数情况下，它们旨在治愈或改善受某些大脑缺陷影响的患者的状况。在其他情况下，他们的目标是提供新的手段来保持或提高个人的正常表现。在所有这些情况下，可能的风险之一是侵犯大脑内容的隐私（这部分与精神内容相一致）或剥夺个人对其思想（精神状态）的完全控制，因为后者至少部分可以通过新的假体技术检测到。鉴于（伦理）前提是，一个人大脑数据中最相关部分的绝对隐私和完整性是最有价值和不可侵犯的人权之一，我认为（技术）原则应该指导新神经假体的设计和监管。这一前提的理由是，无论遭受什么胁迫、威胁或暴力，一个人通常都能保留一个“私人思想库”，在其中捍卫自己的信念和身份、尊严和自主权。没有它，这个人可能最终处于完全服从其他人的状态。以下的功能原则是，神经假体的设计和制造应该在技术上防止这种结果。他们应该：（a）整合能够发现并发出信号的系统，以防止未经授权的检测、更改和传播大脑数据和大脑功能;（B）能够阻止任何未经授权的检测、更改和传播大脑数据。这不应该仅仅针对单个设备，而应该作为所有处理解码大脑活动和大脑功能的互联系统共享的一般（技术）操作原则。
There are many kinds of neural prostheses available or being researched today. In most cases they are intended to cure or improve the condition of patients affected by some cerebral deficiency. In other cases, their goal is to provide new means to maintain or improve an individual's normal performance. In all these circumstances, one of the possible risks is that of violating the privacy of brain contents (which partly coincide with mental contents) or of depriving individuals of full control over their thoughts (mental states), as the latter are at least partly detectable by new prosthetic technologies. Given the (ethical) premise that the absolute privacy and integrity of the most relevant part of one's brain data is (one of) the most valuable and inviolable human right(s), I argue that a (technical) principle should guide the design and regulation of new neural prostheses. The premise is justified by the fact that whatever the coercion, the threat or the violence undergone, the person can generally preserve a “private repository” of thought in which to defend her convictions and identity, her dignity, and autonomy. Without it, the person may end up in a state of complete subjection to other individuals. The following functional principle is that neural prostheses should be technically designed and built so as to prevent such outcomes. They should: (a) incorporate systems that can find and signal the unauthorized detection, alteration, and diffusion of brain data and brain functioning; (b) be able to stop any unauthorized detection, alteration, and diffusion of brain data. This should not only regard individual devices, but act as a general (technical) operating principle shared by all interconnected systems that deal with decoding brain activity and brain functioning.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1232437
发表时间：
2013-04-12
期刊：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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