First evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA)

First evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA)
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怀俄明州大提顿国家公园杰克逊湖现存淡水海绵动物群的第一个证据(美国)

DOI:
10.1080/20442041.2022.2035190
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
McGlue, Michael M.
McGlue, Michael M.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rasbold, Giliane G.;Pinheiro, Ulisses;Domingos-Luz, Leandro;Dilworth, John;Thigpen, J. Ryan;Pessenda, Luiz C.;McGlue, Michael M.

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淡水海绵的骨骼遗骸是重要的微化石,可保存在内陆水域的沉积物中,但对新北区的海绵动物群仍知之甚少,这限制了它们在古环境重建中的应用。在这里,我们报告了美国怀俄明州大提顿国家公园杰克逊湖现存淡水海绵动物的第一个证据。确定了两种生活在浅海和海岸线环境中的海绵物种:Eunapius Fragilis(Leidy)和EPhydatia muelleri(Lieberkühn)。与南美洲南部和北美东部的湖泊和河流标本中报道的胚芽囊相反,脆弱Eunapius的针状体表现出高度的形态变异性。与已发表的例子相比,EPhydatia muelleri也表现出形态上的差异,主要与大孢子上的刺有关。大孢子直或略弯曲,向顶端逐渐变尖,表面完全光滑(13%),表面少刺(65%),或中央区高度棘状表面(22%)。这些形态上的差异暗示了杰克逊湖生态表型效应的可能性。此外,在杰克逊湖观察到的Eunapius Fragilis和EPhydatia muelleri的形态和生态变异性表明,有必要对新北区进行进一步研究,以了解是否存在物种复合体,或者形态上的差异是否表明真正的分类差异,从而表明存在多个新物种。这项研究扩展了淡水海绵的生物地理学,并提供了杰克逊湖底栖固着滤食者的第一份文件,杰克逊湖是生态系统服务的关键来源。
Skeletal remains of freshwater sponges are important microfossils that may be preserved in the sediments of inland waters, but much is still unknown about the sponge fauna of the Nearctic, which limits their use in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Here, we report the first evidence of an extant freshwater sponge fauna in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming (USA). Two sponge species were identified living in shallow littoral and shoreline environments:Eunapius fragilis(Leidy ) andEphydatia muelleri(Lieberkühn ). The spicules ofEunapius fragilispresent high morphological variability, in contrast to gemmuloscleres reported in specimens from lakes and rivers in southern South America and eastern North America.Ephydatia muellerialso exhibits morphological differences in comparison to published examples, chiefly related to the spines on megascleres. The megascleres ofEphydatia muelleriare straight or slightly curved, sharpening gradually toward the apices, with completely smooth surfaces (13%), surfaces with minimal spines (65%), or highly spined surfaces in the central area (22%). These morphological differences in theEphydatia muellerimegascleres suggest the potential for ecophenotypic effects in Jackson Lake. Furthermore, the morphological and ecological variability ofEunapius fragilisandEphydatia muelleriobserved in Jackson Lake suggest the need for further studies of the Nearctic to understand if a species complex exists or if morphological dissimilarities are indicative of true taxonomic differences and therefore multiple new species. This study expands the biogeography of freshwater sponges and provides the first documentation of benthic sessile filter feeders in Jackson Lake, a key source of ecosystem services.
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