Mechanisms enhancing the protective functions of macular xanthophylls in the retina during oxidative stress.
Mechanisms enhancing the protective functions of macular xanthophylls in the retina during oxidative stress.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.012
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Subczynski WK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Widomska J;Subczynski WK
黄斑叶黄素 (MX) 与其他膳食类胡萝卜素的区别在于其高膜溶解度和优先跨膜取向。此外，这些特性增强了 MX 在眼睛视网膜中的化学和物理稳定性，并最大限度地发挥其保护活性。 MX 的保护效果也因它们在视网膜膜最脆弱区域的选择性积累而增强。 MX主要通过蓝光过滤、强效光敏剂的激发三重态猝灭以及单线态氧的物理猝灭来保护视网膜。为了执行这些与照片相关的物理操作，MX 的结构应保持完整。然而，MX 的共轭双键结构使其具有高度化学反应性并且易于氧化。单线态氧的化学猝灭和自由基的清除会破坏其完整结构并消耗 MX。因此，他们对保护视网膜至关重要的身体活动就会减弱。因此，确定可以减少视网膜膜中 MX 化学破坏（漂白）的机制是及时且重要的。结果表明，位于膜中的硝基氧自由基（自旋标记）可以保护 MX 免受破坏，并且在光诱导单线态氧形成过程中其作用尤其明显。这应该通过物理过程扩展和增强它们在视网膜中的积极作用。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这种新策略在眼科手术中的可能应用，它可能导致 MX 急性漂白并通过氧化过程损伤视网膜。
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) are distinguished from other dietary carotenoids by their high membrane solubility and preferential transmembrane orientation. Additionally, these properties enhance the chemical and physical stability of MXs in the eye retina, and maximize their protective activities. The effectiveness of MXs’ protection is also enhanced by their selective accumulation in the most vulnerable domains of retinal membranes. The retina is protected by MXs mainly through blue-light filtration, quenching of the excited triplet states of potent photosensitizers, and physical quenching of singlet oxygen. To perform these physical, photo-related actions, the structure of MXs should remain intact. However, the conjugated double-bond structure of MXs makes them highly chemically reactive and susceptible to oxidation. Chemical quenching of singlet oxygen and scavenging of free radicals destroy their intact structure and consume MXs. Consequently, their physical actions, which are critical to the protection of retina, are diminished. Thus, it is timely and important to identify mechanisms whereby the chemical destruction (bleaching) of MXs in retinal membranes can be reduced. It was shown that nitroxide free radicals (spin labels) located in membranes protect MXs against destruction, and their effect is especially pronounced during the light-induced formation of singlet oxygen. That should extend and enhance their positive action in the retina through physical processes. In this review, we will discuss possible applications of this new strategy during ophthalmological procedures, which can cause acute bleaching of MXs and damage the retina through oxidative processes.
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