Automated extraction of revision events from keystroke data

Automated extraction of revision events from keystroke data
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从击键数据中自动提取修订事件

DOI:
10.1007/s11145-021-10222-w
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny
Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny
中科院分区:
教育学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Conijn, Rianne;Dux Speltz, Emily;Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny

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修改在写作中起着重要的作用,由于修改打破了写作过程的线性,它们在描述写作过程的动态方面至关重要。击键记录和分析被用来识别在编写过程中所做的修改。以前的方法包括手动注释修订,构建非线性S符号,以及自动提取退格键。然而,这些方法是时间密集型的,容易构建,或者受到限制。因此,本文提出了一种计算方法,从击键日志中自动提取完整的修订事件,包括插入和删除,以及为替换删除的文本而键入的字符。在该方法中,首先自动提取修订候选,这允许简化的修订事件的手动注释。其次,使用机器学习来自动检测修订事件。为此,7120个修订事件被手动注释在一个击键数据集中,这些数据来自65名进行写作任务的学生。结果表明,修订事件的自动预测具有较高的准确率。此外,一个案例研究证明,该方法可以很容易地应用于新的数据集。总而言之,计算方法在提供对书面修订的自动洞察方面可能是有益的。
Revision plays an important role in writing, and as revisions break down the linearity of the writing process, they are crucial in describing writing process dynamics. Keystroke logging and analysis have been used to identify revisions made during writing. Previous approaches include the manual annotation of revisions, building nonlinear S-notations, and the automated extraction of backspace keypresses. However, these approaches are time-intensive, vulnerable to construct, or restricted. Therefore, this article presents a computational approach to the automatic extraction of full revision events from keystroke logs, including both insertions and deletions, as well as the characters typed to replace the deleted text. Within this approach, revision candidates are first automatically extracted, which allows for a simplified manual annotation of revision events. Second, machine learning is used to automatically detect revision events. For this, 7120 revision events were manually annotated in a dataset of keystrokes obtained from 65 students conducting a writing task. The results showed that revision events could be automatically predicted with a relatively high accuracy. In addition, a case study proved that this approach could be easily applied to a new dataset. To conclude, computational approaches can be beneficial in providing automated insights into revisions in writing.
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