How likely am I to find parking? – A practical model-based framework for predicting parking availability

How likely am I to find parking? – A practical model-based framework for predicting parking availability
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我找到停车位的可能性有多大?

DOI:
10.1016/j.trb.2018.04.001
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Frisby, Joshua
Frisby, Joshua
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiao, Jun;Lou, Yingyan;Frisby, Joshua

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停车场可用性信息(或停车设施的占用率)受到旅行者的高度重视,并且是许多停车模型的最重要输入之一。本文提出了一个基于模型的实用框架,预测未来的占用历史占用数据。该框架包括两个模块:模型参数估计和占用预测。在预测框架的核心,排队模型来描述随机占用变化的停车设施。虽然底层的排队模型可以是任何合理的模型,我们证明了框架与完善的连续时间马尔可夫M\M\C\C队列在本文中。采用不同的排队模型,可以潜在地将停车搜索过程的可能性也进行了讨论。参数估计模块和占用预测模块都建立在底层排队模型上。为了在真实的世界中应用估计和预测方法,在框架中考虑了一些实际考虑因素,其中包括处理每天和一天内的到达和离开模式的变化的方法,包括特殊事件。使用模拟和真实的数据对所提出的框架和模型进行了验证。我们的弗朗西斯科的案例研究表明,离线估计的参数可以导致准确的预测停车设施占用率,无论有没有实时更新。我们还进行了大量的数值实验,比较所提出的框架和方法与最近文献中的几种纯机器学习方法。结果发现,我们的方法提供了相同或更好的性能,但需要一个数量级的计算时间少调整和训练模型。此外,我们的方法可以通过一个训练过程预测未来的任何时间,而纯机器学习方法必须为不同的预测间隔训练特定的模型,以达到相同的准确度。
Parking availability information (or occupancy of parking facility) is highly valued by travelers, and is one of the most important inputs to many parking models. This paper proposes a model-based practical framework to predict future occupancy from historical occupancy data alone. The framework consists of two modules: estimation of model parameters, and occupancy prediction. At the core of the predictive framework, a queuing model is employed to describe the stochastic occupancy change of a parking facility. While the underlying queuing model can be any reasonable model, we demonstrate the framework with the well-established continuous-time Markov M\M\C\C queue in this paper. The possibility of adopting a different queuing model that can potentially incorporate the parking-searching process is also discussed. The parameter estimation module and the occupancy prediction module are both built on the underlying queuing model. To apply the estimation and prediction methods in real world, a few practical considerations are accounted for in the framework with methods to handle variations of arrival and departure patterns from day to day and within a day, including special events. The proposed framework and models are validated using both simulated and real data. Our San Francisco case studies demonstrate that the parameters estimated offline can lead to accurate predictions of parking facility occupancy both with and without real-time update. We also performed extensive numerical experiments to compare the proposed framework and methods with several pure machine-learning methods in recent literature. It is found that our approach delivers equal or better performance, but requires a computation time that is orders of magnitude less to tune and train the model. Additionally, our approach can predict for any time in the future with one training process, while pure machine-learning methods have to train a specific model for a different prediction interval to achieve the same level of accuracy.
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