ERPs reveal atypical processing of subject versus object Wh-questions in children with specific language impairment.
ERPs reveal atypical processing of subject versus object Wh-questions in children with specific language impairment.
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DOI：
10.1111/1460-6984.12009
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Schwartz RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Epstein B;Hestvik A;Shafer VL;Schwartz RG
患有特定语言障碍 (SLI) 的儿童在理解和提出相对于主语（谁跟随老虎？）的客体（熊跟随谁？）时表现出特别困难。确定患有 SLI 的学龄儿童相对于典型发育 (TD) 的儿童在理解这些问题时是否表现出更明显的不平衡或不对称。此外，本研究还探讨了事件相关电位 (ERP) 中的持续左前负性 (LAN) 是否可以用作 SLI 儿童对这些问题的非典型处理的标志。 LAN 效应表明更大的工作记忆过程用于在记忆中维持对象 wh 问题中错位的对象，并反映了成人的工作记忆容量。据预测，患有 SLI 的儿童 LAN 幅度会更大，反映了该人群工作记忆容量低的特征。这些行为和电生理效应的同时存在表明，SLI 中的主客体不对称性应该与较差的工作记忆技能相关联进行研究。包括 13 名 SLI 儿童、17 名同龄 TD 儿童和 18 名正常成人在内的小组完成了一项需要按钮反应的听觉句子理解任务，同时收集了连续脑电图 (EEG)。计算了主语和宾语问题的准确性。检查 wh 问题的 ERP 数据的平均振幅值，以确定主语和宾语问题的差异处理。 TD 儿童表现出对主语和客体 wh 问题的不对称理解，而患有 SLI 的儿童对两种问题类型的理解都很差，成人没有表现出主宾不对称。跨越 wh 依赖性的 ERP 波形显示，在 TD 组中，相对于主题问题，客体存在大量且广泛的持续前向积极性，表明这些问题的处理存在差异。这种效应在 SLI 组中减弱且不显着。成人的总平均波形显示出预期的 LAN 效应，其极性与儿童相反，尽管它仅接近显着性。与 TD 儿童相比，SLI 儿童对主语和客体 wh 问题的差异化处理较少，这表明 SLI 中宾语问题的工作记忆中句子信息的维护效率较低。尽管行为方法无法识别 SLI 中的主客体不对称性，但更细粒度的 ERP 方法却阐明了这种效应。进一步分析工作记忆作为 SLI 中主客体不对称性的基础对于确定针对该人群的适当干预目标至关重要。
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) show particular difficulty comprehending and producing object (Who did the bear follow?) relative to subject (Who followed the tiger?) wh-questions. To determine if school-age children with SLI, relative to children with typical development (TD), show a more distinct unevenness, or asymmetry, in the comprehension of these questions. In addition, this study examined whether the sustained left-anterior negativity (LAN) in event-related potentials (ERP) could be used as a marker for atypical processing of these questions in children with SLI. The LAN effect signals the greater working memory processes for maintaining in memory the dislocated object in object wh-questions and reflects working memory capacity in adults. It was predicted that the amplitude of the LAN would be greater in children with SLI, reflecting the characteristic low working memory capacity in this population. The concomitance of these behavioural and electrophysiological effects would suggest that the subject–object asymmetry in SLI should be investigated in relation to poor working memory skills. Groups including 13 children with SLI, 17 same-age TD children and 18 normal adults completed an auditory sentence comprehension task requiring button responses while continuous electroencephalography (EEG) was collected. Accuracy for subject and object questions was calculated. The mean amplitude values of the ERP data for the wh-questions were examined to identify differential processing of subject and object questions. TD children demonstrated asymmetrical comprehension of subject and object wh-questions, whereas children with SLI comprehended both question types poorly and adults did not show subject–object asymmetry. ERP waveforms spanning the wh-dependency revealed a large and widespread sustained anterior positivity for object relative to subject questions in the TD group, indicating differential processing of these questions. This effect was attenuated and non-significant in the SLI group. The adults’ grand average waveforms showed the expected LAN effect, which was opposite in polarity relative to the children, although it only approached significance. The finding of less differential processing of subject and object wh-questions in SLI relative to TD children suggests inefficient maintenance of sentential information in working memory for object questions in SLI. Whereas behavioural methods did not identify subject–object asymmetry in SLI, the more fine-grained method of ERPs elucidated this effect. Further analysis of working memory as the basis for the subject–object asymmetry in SLI is critical for identifying appropriate intervention targets for this population.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
FRAZIER, L;DARCAIS, GBF
通讯作者：
DARCAIS, GBF
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
COURCHESNE, E
通讯作者：
COURCHESNE, E
DOI：
10.1080/016909600386084
发表时间：
2000-04-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kaan, E;Harris, A;Holcomb, P
通讯作者：
Holcomb, P
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Gillam, RB;Cowan, N;Marler, JA
通讯作者：
Marler, JA
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Felser, C;Clahsen, H;M端nte, TF
通讯作者：
M端nte, TF