Somatic hypermutation is limited by CRM1-dependent nuclear export of activation-induced deaminase.

Somatic hypermutation is limited by CRM1-dependent nuclear export of activation-induced deaminase.
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DOI:
10.1084/jem.20040373
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发表时间:
2004-05-03
期刊:
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Nussenzweig MC
Nussenzweig MC
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
McBride KM;Barreto V;Ramiro AR;Stavropoulos P;Nussenzweig MC

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激活诱导脱氨酶(AID)在活化的B淋巴细胞中启动体细胞超突变(SHM)和类开关重组(CSR)。AID被认为是在转录过程中通过RNA聚合酶暴露单链DNA中的胞苷残基脱氨而造成DNA损伤。虽然这必须发生在细胞核中,但AID主要存在于细胞质中。在这里,我们发现AID通过一个依赖于输出蛋白crm1的途径被主动地排除在细胞核之外。AID核输出信号(NES)位于AID的羧基末端,该区域与CSR所需的序列重叠,但与SHM不重叠。我们发现缺乏功能性NES的AID在转染的成纤维细胞中引起更多的非生理性靶基因的高突变。然而,NES不会影响B淋巴细胞中免疫球蛋白基因的突变率,这表明AID NES不会限制这些细胞中的AID活性。
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) are initiated in activated B lymphocytes by activation-induced deaminase (AID). AID is thought to make lesions in DNA by deaminating cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA exposed by RNA polymerase during transcription. Although this must occur in the nucleus, AID is found primarily in the cytoplasm. Here we show that AID is actively excluded from the nucleus by an exportin CRM1-dependent pathway. The AID nuclear export signal (NES) is found at the carboxyl terminus of AID in a region that overlaps a sequence required for CSR but not SHM. We find that AID lacking a functional NES causes more hypermutation of a nonphysiologic target gene in transfected fibroblasts. However, the NES does not impact on the rate of mutation of immunoglobulin genes in B lymphocytes, suggesting that the AID NES does not limit AID activity in these cells.
不同的不匹配修复缺陷都对体细胞过度的影响都具有相同的影响:完整的主要机制伴随着次级修饰。
DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.1.21
发表时间: 1999-07-05
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影响因子: --
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