GRASP depletion-mediated Golgi fragmentation impairs glycosaminoglycan synthesis, sulfation, and secretion.

GRASP depletion-mediated Golgi fragmentation impairs glycosaminoglycan synthesis, sulfation, and secretion.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04223-3
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发表时间:
2022-03-21
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
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其他
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糖胺聚糖如硫酸肝素(HS)和硫酸软骨素(CS)的合成发生在高尔基体的管腔中,但高尔基体结构完整性与糖胺聚糖合成之间的关系尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们通过敲除GRASP55和GRASP65来破坏高尔基结构,并确定其对HS和CS的合成、磺化和分泌的影响。我们发现,GRASP缺失增加了HS的合成,同时降低了细胞中CS的合成,改变了HS和CS的硫酸化,减少了HS和CS的分泌。利用蛋白质组学、RNA-seq和生化方法,我们发现了HS合成途径的关键酶EXTL3,其水平在GRASP敲除细胞中上调;而一种必需的CS合成酶GalNAcT1则被大量还原。此外,我们发现,GRASP的缺失通过减少HS硫酸化中的双功能酶PAPSS2来减少HS硫酸化。我们的研究首次证明高尔基结构缺陷可能显著改变糖胺聚糖的合成和分泌。
Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) occurs in the lumen of the Golgi but the relationship between Golgi structural integrity and glycosaminoglycan synthesis is not clear. In this study, we disrupted the Golgi structure by knocking out GRASP55 and GRASP65 and determined its effect on the synthesis, sulfation, and secretion of HS and CS. We found that GRASP depletion increased HS synthesis while decreasing CS synthesis in cells, altered HS and CS sulfation, and reduced both HS and CS secretion. Using proteomics, RNA-seq and biochemical approaches, we identified EXTL3, a key enzyme in the HS synthesis pathway, whose level is upregulated in GRASP knockout cells; while GalNAcT1, an essential CS synthesis enzyme, is robustly reduced. In addition, we found that GRASP depletion decreased HS sulfation via the reduction of PAPSS2, a bifunctional enzyme in HS sulfation. Our study provides the first evidence that Golgi structural defect may significantly alter the synthesis and secretion of glycosaminoglycans.
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