Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma.

Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma.
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黑色素瘤中谷氨酸成瘾的基础谷氨酸和天冬酸酯蛋白催化剂。

DOI:
10.18632/oncotarget.3132
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发表时间:
2015-04-10
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Scott DA
Scott DA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ratnikov B;Aza-Blanc P;Ronai ZA;Smith JW;Osterman AL;Scott DA

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谷氨酰胺依赖是癌症代谢的一个显著特征,在此我们表明,黑色素瘤细胞,无论其致癌背景如何,都依赖谷氨酰胺生长。对谷氨酰胺中的碳如何被利用的定量分析表明,在大多数黑色素瘤细胞中,源自三羧酸循环的谷氨酸是谷氨酰胺分解代谢的主要输出产物和谷氨酰胺分解的产物。在缺乏谷氨酰胺的情况下,三羧酸循环代谢物容易因转氨酶介导的α - 酮戊二酸向谷氨酸的转化以及谷氨酸的分泌而耗尽。天冬氨酸是一种重要的代谢物输出,因为黑色素瘤细胞回收利用外部天冬氨酸的能力有限。此外,天冬酰胺的缺乏会增加对谷氨酰胺的需求,这表明黑色素瘤代谢中天冬氨酸 - 天冬酰胺生物合成途径存在脆弱性。与黑色素瘤细胞相反,黑素细胞在缺乏谷氨酰胺的情况下也能生长。黑素细胞更多地将谷氨酰胺用于蛋白质合成,而不是将其作为谷氨酸分泌,并且在缺乏谷氨酰胺时不太容易出现谷氨酸和三羧酸循环代谢物的流失。
Glutamine dependence is a prominent feature of cancer metabolism, and here we show that melanoma cells, irrespective of their oncogenic background, depend on glutamine for growth. A quantitative audit of how carbon from glutamine is used showed that TCA-cycle-derived glutamate is, in most melanoma cells, the major glutamine-derived cataplerotic output and product of glutaminolysis. In the absence of glutamine, TCA cycle metabolites were liable to depletion through aminotransferase-mediated α-ketoglutarate-to-glutamate conversion and glutamate secretion. Aspartate was an essential cataplerotic output, as melanoma cells demonstrated a limited capacity to salvage external aspartate. Also, the absence of asparagine increased the glutamine requirement, pointing to vulnerability in the aspartate-asparagine biosynthetic pathway within melanoma metabolism. In contrast to melanoma cells, melanocytes could grow in the absence of glutamine. Melanocytes use more glutamine for protein synthesis rather than secreting it as glutamate and are less prone to loss of glutamate and TCA cycle metabolites when starved of glutamine.
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