Mechanisms of vitamin A metabolism and deficiency in the mammalian and fly visual system.
Mechanisms of vitamin A metabolism and deficiency in the mammalian and fly visual system.
复制标题
维生素的机制是哺乳动物和苍蝇视觉系统中的代谢和缺乏。
DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.013
复制
发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rister J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dewett D;Lam-Kamath K;Poupault C;Khurana H;Rister J
维生素A缺乏会导致人类从失明到胚胎畸形的各种病理。这种多样性是由于缺乏两种功能非常不同的主要维生素A代谢物：发色团11-顺式-视黄酸（维生素A醛）是介导光转导的视觉色素的关键组分，而信号分子全反式-视黄酸调节各种组织的发育，是免疫系统功能所必需的。由于动物不能重新合成维生素A，它们必须从动物产品中获得预制的维生素A或从植物来源获得类胡萝卜素前体。由于维生素A在视觉系统中的重要作用，急性维生素A缺乏会损害光感受器功能并导致夜盲症（在昏暗光线条件下视力不佳），而慢性缺乏会导致视网膜营养不良和光感受器细胞死亡。据世界卫生组织称，慢性维生素A缺乏症是可预防的儿童失明的主要原因。由于发育和免疫系统中视黄酸信号需要维生素A，维生素A缺乏症也会导致发展中国家儿童和孕妇死亡率增加。黑腹果蝇是研究维生素A缺乏对眼睛影响的极好模型，因为维生素A对果蝇发育不是必需的，并且慢性缺乏不会导致致命性。此外，果蝇的遗传筛选已经确定了介导维生素A产生及其细胞摄取的进化保守因子。本文就维生素A在哺乳动物和果蝇视觉系统中的作用作一综述。我们比较了介导膳食维生素A前体摄取和维生素A代谢的分子机制，以及维生素A缺乏对眼睛结构和功能的影响。
Vitamin A deficiency can cause human pathologies that range from blindness to embryonic malformations. This diversity is due to the lack of two major vitamin A metabolites with very different functions: the chromophore 11-cis-retinal (vitamin A aldehyde) is a critical component of the visual pigment that mediates phototransduction, while the signaling molecule all-trans-retinoic acid regulates the development of various tissues and is required for the function of the immune system. Since animals cannot synthesize vitamin A de novo, they must obtain it either as preformed vitamin A from animal products or as carotenoid precursors from plant sources. Due to its essential role in the visual system, acute vitamin A deprivation impairs photoreceptor function and causes night blindness (poor vision under dim light conditions), while chronic deprivation results in retinal dystrophies and photoreceptor cell death. Chronic vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable childhood blindness according to the World Health Organization. Due to the requirement of vitamin A for retinoic acid signaling in development and in the immune system, vitamin A deficiency also causes increased mortality in children and pregnant women in developing countries. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model to study the effects of vitamin A deprivation on the eye because vitamin A is not essential for Drosophila development and chronic deficiency does not cause lethality. Moreover, genetic screens in Drosophila have identified evolutionarily conserved factors that mediate the production of vitamin A and its cellular uptake. Here, we review our current knowledge about the role of vitamin A in the visual system of mammals and Drosophila melanogaster. We compare the molecular mechanisms that mediate the uptake of dietary vitamin A precursors and the metabolism of vitamin A, as well as the consequences of vitamin A deficiency for the structure and function of the eye.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
62.1
作者：
Huang, Pengxiang;Chandra, Vikas;Rastinejad, Fraydoon
通讯作者：
Rastinejad, Fraydoon
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.038
发表时间：
2010-03-09
期刊：
Current biology : CB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Halme A;Cheng M;Hariharan IK
通讯作者：
Hariharan IK
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Ablonczy, Z;Crouch, RK;Rohrer, B
通讯作者：
Rohrer, B
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
HARDIE, RC
通讯作者：
HARDIE, RC
DOI：
10.1007/bf00696345
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HAMDORF, K;ROSNER, G
通讯作者：
ROSNER, G