Implications of DNA Methylation in Parkinson's Disease.

Implications of DNA Methylation in Parkinson's Disease.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2017.00225
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Arias-Carrión O
Arias-Carrión O
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miranda-Morales E;Meier K;Sandoval-Carrillo A;Salas-Pacheco J;Vázquez-Cárdenas P;Arias-Carrión O

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自帕金森病 (PD) 首次被描述以来已有 200 年了,但其发病机制的许多方面仍不清楚。 PD 是一种进行性、复杂的神经退行性疾病,由遗传和环境因素(包括衰老、营养、农药和重金属接触)引起。 DNA 甲基化可能会因其中一些因素而发生改变;因此,有人提出表观遗传机制,特别是 DNA 甲基化,可以在与 PD 相关的基因-环境相互作用中发挥重要作用。目前,PD 相关基因的表观遗传变化在不同人群中得到广泛研究,以发现导致疾病发展的机制,并确定用于早期诊断和未来药物治疗的新生物标志物。虽然最初的研究试图寻找 PD 脑组织中启动子 DNA 甲基化与相关基因调控之间的关联,但最近的研究描述了血液和脑组织 DNA 之间一致的 DNA 甲基化模式。这些数据证明使用外周血样本代替脑组织进行表观遗传学研究是合理的。在这里,我们总结了有关 PD 中 DNA 甲基化变化的当前数据,并讨论了 DNA 甲基化作为 PD 潜在生物标志物的潜力。此外,我们还讨论了与 DNA 甲基化有关的环境和营养因素。尽管寻找显着的 DNA 甲基化变化和 PD 相关基因的基因表达分析得出了不一致和矛盾的结果,但表观遗传修饰仍有可能揭示环境风险因素与 PD 发展之间的联系,因此仍在研究中。
It has been 200 years since Parkinson’s disease (PD) was first described, yet many aspects of its etiopathogenesis remain unclear. PD is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors including aging, nutrition, pesticides and exposure to heavy metals. DNA methylation may be altered in response to some of these factors; therefore, it is proposed that epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation, can have a fundamental role in gene–environment interactions that are related with PD. Epigenetic changes in PD-associated genes are now widely studied in different populations, to discover the mechanisms that contribute to disease development and identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and future pharmacological treatment. While initial studies sought to find associations between promoter DNA methylation and the regulation of associated genes in PD brain tissue, more recent studies have described concordant DNA methylation patterns between blood and brain tissue DNA. These data justify the use of peripheral blood samples instead of brain tissue for epigenetic studies. Here, we summarize the current data about DNA methylation changes in PD and discuss the potential of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker for PD. Additionally, we discuss environmental and nutritional factors that have been implicated in DNA methylation. Although the search for significant DNA methylation changes and gene expression analyses of PD-associated genes have yielded inconsistent and contradictory results, epigenetic modifications remain under investigation for their potential to reveal the link between environmental risk factors and the development of PD.
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