Rapid urbanization of red foxes in Estonia: distribution, behaviour, attacks on domestic animals, and health-risks related to zoonotic diseases.
Rapid urbanization of red foxes in Estonia: distribution, behaviour, attacks on domestic animals, and health-risks related to zoonotic diseases.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0115124
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Saarma U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Plumer L;Davison J;Saarma U
城市地区对野生动物来说变得越来越重要，因为自然栖息地的减少不再为许多物种提供合适的环境。红狐（Vulpes vulpes）如今在世界各地的许多城市都很常见，近年来它们已经在爱沙尼亚的城市地区定居。我们使用基于公共网络的问卷调查方法来评估爱沙尼亚城市狐狸的分布和行为，以发现相关问题并评估对人类和家畜的健康风险。全国共收集到 1205 份回复。狐狸在相对较短的时间内占领了爱沙尼亚的大部分城镇（47 个城镇中的 33 个），并已在几个城镇建立了繁殖巢穴。尽管它们最近才到达，但爱沙尼亚城市狐狸的行为与历史悠久的城市狐狸种群的行为相似：它们大多在夜间活动，经常访问市中心，有些还在这些地方设有巢穴。城市狐狸的某些特征是与人类发生冲突的基础：狐狸进入房屋并攻击家畜，杀死猫和家禽。据报告，大约 8% 的狐狸表现出疥癣症状，这种疾病也会感染家畜，尤其是狗。在大城市地区，感染疥癣的狐狸比例较高。除了疥癣之外，已知爱沙尼亚的很大一部分红狐都感染了危及生命的多房棘球蚴绦虫，它是肺泡包虫病的病原体。因此，城市狐狸可能是宠物和人类严重传染病的来源。
Urban areas are becoming increasingly important for wildlife as diminishing natural habitats no longer represent a suitable environment for many species. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are nowadays common in many cities worldwide, and in recent years they have colonized urban areas in Estonia. We used a public web-based questionnaire approach to evaluate the distribution and behaviour of Estonian urban foxes, to detect related problems and to assess health risks to humans and domestic animals. In total, 1205 responses were collected throughout the country. Foxes have colonized the majority of Estonian towns (33 out of 47) in a relatively short period of time, and have already established breeding dens in several towns. Despite their recent arrival, the behaviour of Estonian urban foxes is similar to that reported in longer-established urban fox populations: they are mostly active during night-time, often visit city centres and some also have dens in such locations. Certain characteristics of urban foxes serve as a basis for conflict with humans: foxes have entered houses and attacked domestic animals, killing cats and poultry. About 8% of reported foxes exhibited symptoms of sarcoptic mange, a disease that also infects domestic animals, especially dogs. The proportion of mange-infected foxes was higher in large urban areas. In addition to mange, a substantial fraction of red foxes in Estonia are known to be infected with the life-threatening tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis. Therefore, urban foxes may represent a source of serious infectious disease for pets and humans.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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