ω3 fatty acid desaturases from microorganisms: structure, function, evolution, and biotechnological use.

ω3 fatty acid desaturases from microorganisms: structure, function, evolution, and biotechnological use.
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Ø3 微生物脂肪酸去饱和酶:结构、功能、进化和生物技术用途

DOI:
10.1007/s00253-013-5336-5
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发表时间:
2013-12
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Chen, Yong Q.
Chen, Yong Q.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang, Mingxuan;Chen, Haiqin;Gu, Zhennan;Zhang, Hao;Chen, Wei;Chen, Yong Q.

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超长链多不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成涉及一系列复杂酶催化的脂肪酸脱饱和和延伸交替过程。ω3去饱和酶在将ω6脂肪酸转化为ω3脂肪酸的过程中起着重要作用。这种去饱和酶的基因已经在广泛的微生物中被鉴定和表征,包括蓝藻、酵母、霉菌和微藻。与所有脂肪酸去饱和酶一样,ω3去饱和酶的结构特征是存在三个高度保守的富含组氨酸的基序;然而,与一些去饱和酶不同,它缺乏细胞色素b5样结构域。了解ω3去饱和酶的结构、功能和进化,特别是其在超长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成中的底物特异性,为在转基因微生物中潜在生产各种ω3脂肪酸奠定了基础。
The biosynthesis of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids involves an alternating process of fatty acid desaturation and elongation catalyzed by complex series of enzymes. ω3 desaturase plays an important role in converting ω6 fatty acids into ω3 fatty acids. Genes for this desaturase have been identified and characterized in a wide range of microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, yeasts, molds, and microalgae. Like all fatty acid desaturases, ω3 desaturase is structurally characterized by the presence of three highly conserved histidine-rich motifs; however, unlike some desaturases, it lacks a cytochrome b5-like domain. Understanding the structure, function, and evolution of ω3 desaturases, particularly their substrate specificities in the biosynthesis of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, lays the foundation for potential production of various ω3 fatty acids in transgenic microorganisms.
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