Gun violence against unhoused and unstably housed women: A cross-sectional study that highlights links to childhood violence.
Gun violence against unhoused and unstably housed women: A cross-sectional study that highlights links to childhood violence.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40621-021-00348-4
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发表时间：
2021-08-19
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Riley ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kagawa RMC;Riley ED
住房不稳定的妇女遭受暴力的程度很高。虽然以前的研究调查了心理，身体和性暴力，但很少描述武器和枪支暴力。我们研究了与经历暴力作为一个成年人在无家可归和不稳定的住房妇女，重点是枪支暴力的因素。我们从旧金山弗朗西斯科无家可归者收容所、街头营地、免费膳食计划、低收入酒店和健康诊所招募了有住房不稳定历史的妇女。参与者完成了访谈，包括有关儿童和成人暴力的问题。我们使用多变量逻辑回归来检查特定类型的儿童暴力（即，身体、性、枪支、其他涉及武器的暴力）、年龄、种族、民族、教育程度和性取向，以及成年后经历特定类型暴力的风险（即，枪支、其他武器、身体暴力）。因为暴力结果并不罕见，比值比被转换为近似的风险比。近一半的妇女（n = 110，45%）在成年后曾被枪袭击。成年后的暴力受害者很常见，33%的人经历过所有三种形式的暴力。在儿童时期受到重击或脚踢足以造成伤害的妇女中，成年后被枪袭击的概率高出近70%（RR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.24，2.11），并且这种关联存在于所有三种暴力结果中。所探讨的其他风险因素，包括儿童时期经历的其他类型的暴力，均未达到被视为重大的统计阈值。这里报告的枪支暴力高发率与以前在类似人群中进行的暴力研究一致。结合先前的研究，研究结果表明，需要对低收入妇女和女孩采取多代暴力预防干预措施。他们还强调，需要更积极地将住房不稳定的人纳入全州和全国暴力调查，以更好地了解问题的严重程度，并在更广泛的范围内解决住房不稳定人口遭受暴力的高发生率问题，这在当地研究中一直有记录。
Unstably housed women experience high levels of violence. While previous studies have investigated psychological, physical, and sexual violence, weapon and gun violence are rarely delineated. We examined factors associated with experiencing violence as an adult among unhoused and unstably housed women, with a focus on gun violence. We recruited women with a history of housing instability from San Francisco homeless shelters, street encampments, free meal programs, low-income hotels, and health clinics. Participants completed interviews including questions regarding both childhood and adult violence. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of specific types of childhood violence (i.e., physical, sexual, gun, other weapon-involved violence), age, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, and sexual orientation, with risk of experiencing specific types of violence as an adult (i.e., gun, other weapon-involved, physical violence). Because the violence outcomes were not rare, odds ratios were transformed to approximate risk ratios. Nearly half of women (n = 110, 45%) had been attacked with a gun as an adult. Violent victimization in adulthood was common, with 33% having experienced all three forms of violence. The probability of being attacked with a gun as an adult was almost 70% higher among women who had been hit or kicked hard enough to cause injury as a child (RR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.24, 2.11), and this association was present for all three violence outcomes. No other risk factors explored, including other types of violence experienced as a child, met the statistical threshold to be considered significant. The high prevalence of gun violence reported here is consistent with prior studies of violence conducted in similar populations. Considered in combination with prior research, findings suggest multi-generational violence prevention interventions for low-income women and girls are needed. They also emphasize the need to more actively include people who experience unstable housing in statewide and national violence surveys to better understand the extent of the problem and address on a broader scale the high rates of violence experienced by unstably housed populations, which have been consistently documented in local research.
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