Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame.
Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms21186581
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发表时间：
2020-09-09
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Chauhan SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kashyap VK;Dhasmana A;Massey A;Kotnala S;Zafar N;Jaggi M;Yallapu MM;Chauhan SC
2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的感染，已导致全球超过771,000人死亡。吸烟是导致严重疾病甚至死于许多呼吸道感染的主要已知危险因素。吸烟对新冠肺炎的影响目前存在争议。在这里，我们对吸烟对新冠肺炎的临床表现、疾病进展、炎症反应、免疫发病机制、种族差异和发病率的影响的现有知识进行综述。这篇综述还记录了新冠肺炎中吸烟相关研究的未来方向。目前的流行病学研究结果表明，在住院的新冠肺炎患者中，主动吸烟与疾病严重程度和死亡率的增加有关。吸烟可以上调血管紧张素转换酶-2受体，而血管紧张素转换酶-2受体是由SARS-CoV-2病毒利用的，从而进入宿主细胞，并激活一场导致新冠肺炎患者预后恶化的细胞因子风暴。这种受体也可以作为新冠肺炎和其他传染病的潜在治疗靶点。新冠肺炎大流行揭示了与主动吸烟有关的性别、种族和民族健康差异的遗留问题，因此，戒烟可能有助于改善结果。此外，为了使新冠肺炎曲线变平，人们非常希望呆在室内，避免不必要的社交接触，并通过保持健康的饮食/生活来增强免疫防御系统。
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to more than 771,000 deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for severe illness and even death from many respiratory infections. The effects of smoking on COVID-19 are currently controversial. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of smoking on the clinical manifestations, disease progression, inflammatory responses, immunopathogenesis, racial ethnic disparities, and incidence of COVID-19. This review also documents future directions of smoking related research in COVID-19. The current epidemiological finding suggests that active smoking is associated with an increased severity of disease and death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Smoking can upregulate the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cell and activate a ‘cytokine storm’ which can lead to worsen outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This receptor can also act as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on a legacy of inequalities regarding gender, racial, and ethnic health disparities associated with active smoking, thus, smoking cessation may help in improving outcomes. In addition, to flatten the COVID-19 curve, staying indoors, avoiding unnecessary social contact, and bolstering the immune defense system by maintaining a healthy diet/living are highly desirable.
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影响因子：
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