Not just a gut feeling: a deep exploration of functional bacterial metabolites that can modulate host health.

Not just a gut feeling: a deep exploration of functional bacterial metabolites that can modulate host health.
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DOI:
10.1080/19490976.2022.2125734
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发表时间:
2022-01
期刊:
影响因子:
12.2
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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细菌居住在人类肠道中已有大约两个世纪的历史,但它们对宿主健康状况的调节作用仍未完全确定。众所周知,肠道微生物区系与饮食成分和营养物质相互作用,产生可能改变宿主代谢过程的功能代谢物。大多数深入研究和了解的肠道微生物代谢物分为两类:短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)和饮食色氨酸的细菌衍生物。尽管这些代谢物受到高度重视,但微生物来源的其他代谢物对宿主的健康和疾病状态有重大影响。在这篇叙述性综述中,我们总结了8项最近的研究,阐明了新的细菌代谢物,详细说明了这些代谢物的鉴定过程,它们在特定类别的人类健康中的作用,以及饮食如何影响这些代谢物的产生。随着未来类似的机制研究,细菌对宿主新陈代谢的影响可能会构建出更完整的图景。
Bacteria have been known to reside in the human gut for roughly two centuries, but their modulatory effects on host health status are still not fully characterized. The gut microbiota is known to interact with dietary components and nutrients, producing functional metabolites that may alter host metabolic processes. The majority of thoroughly researched and understood gut microbial metabolites fall into two categories: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bacterial derivatives of dietary tryptophan. Despite the heavy emphasis on these metabolites, other metabolites stemming from microbial origin have significant impacts on host health and disease states. In this narrative review, we summarize eight recent studies elucidating novel bacterial metabolites, detailing the process by which these metabolites are identified, their actions within specific categories of human health, and how diet may impact production of these metabolites. With similar future mechanistic research, a more complete picture of bacterial impact on host metabolism may be constructed.
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