Economical defence of resources structures territorial space use in a cooperative carnivore

Economical defence of resources structures territorial space use in a cooperative carnivore
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合作性食肉动物对资源结构的经济防御和领土空间利用

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2021.2512
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gude, Justin A.
Gude, Justin A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sells, Sarah N.;Mitchell, Michael S.;Ausband, David E.;Luis, Angela D.;Emlen, Douglas J.;Podruzny, Kevin M.;Gude, Justin A.

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长期以来,生态学家一直试图了解空间利用和自然界中观察到的模式背后的机制。我们开发了一个最优景观和机械领土模型,以了解驱动空间使用的机制,并将模型预测与经验现实进行比较。我们使用灰狼(Canis lupus)来演示我们的方法。在模型中,模拟动物选择领土,以经济地获得资源,通过选择具有最大价值的补丁,占利益,成本和权衡的捍卫和利用空间上的最优景观。我们的方法成功地预测和解释了狼的一阶和二阶空间使用,包括人口分布,个别包的领土,以及猎物密度,竞争对手密度,人为造成的死亡风险和季节性的影响。它使用简单的行为规则和有限的数据来告知最优性景观。研究结果表明,经济的领土选择是一个机械的桥梁空间利用和动物分布的景观。这种方法和由此获得的知识能够预测各种环境条件的影响,有助于对自然系统和保护的基本生态理解。我们希望这种方法将证明适用于不同的栖息地和物种,其基础可以帮助继续推进对空间行为的理解。
Ecologists have long sought to understand space use and mechanisms underlying patterns observed in nature. We developed an optimality landscape and mechanistic territory model to understand mechanisms driving space use and compared model predictions to empirical reality. We demonstrate our approach using grey wolves (Canis lupus). In the model, simulated animals selected territories to economically acquire resources by selecting patches with greatest value, accounting for benefits, costs and trade-offs of defending and using space on the optimality landscape. Our approach successfully predicted and explained first- and second-order space use of wolves, including the population's distribution, territories of individual packs, and influences of prey density, competitor density, human-caused mortality risk and seasonality. It accomplished this using simple behavioural rules and limited data to inform the optimality landscape. Results contribute evidence that economical territory selection is a mechanistic bridge between space use and animal distribution on the landscape. This approach and resulting gains in knowledge enable predicting effects of a wide range of environmental conditions, contributing to both basic ecological understanding of natural systems and conservation. We expect this approach will demonstrate applicability across diverse habitats and species, and that its foundation can help continue to advance understanding of spatial behaviour.
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