Jumping without using legs: the jump of the click-beetles (Elateridae) is morphologically constrained.
Jumping without using legs: the jump of the click-beetles (Elateridae) is morphologically constrained.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020871
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Weihs D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ribak G;Weihs D
为了回到它们的脚，倒置的点击甲虫（Elateridae）不使用它们的腿跳跃。当甲虫靠在背侧休息时，一个铰链机构被锁定，以在身体中储存弹性能量，并突然释放能量，将甲虫发射到空中。虽然跳跃机制的功能形态是众所周知的，但甲虫对这种跳跃技术的控制水平和控制跳跃的机械约束并不完全清楚。在这里，我们表明，虽然身体在空气中的旋转是高度可变的，跳跃形态限制在一个恒定的“起飞”角度（79.9°±1.56°，n = 9甲虫），引导98%的跳跃力垂直对抗重力。 一个跳跃动作的物理数学模型，结合对活甲虫的测量，暗示甲虫可能控制起飞时的速度，但不能控制跳跃的角度。此外，该模型表明，与地面接触的确切点的非常微妙的变化可以解释甲虫在空中时看到的身体的剧烈旋转。这些研究结果表明，这种独特的无腿跳跃机制的演变导致了一种跳跃技术，这种技术能够将身体高高地发射到空中，但它太受约束和不稳定，无法控制着陆时的身体方向。
To return to their feet, inverted click-beetles (Elateridae) jump without using their legs. When a beetle is resting on its dorsal side, a hinge mechanism is locked to store elastic energy in the body and releases it abruptly to launch the beetle into the air. While the functional morphology of the jumping mechanism is well known, the level of control that the beetle has over this jumping technique and the mechanical constraints governing the jumps are not entirely clear. Here we show that while body rotations in air are highly variable, the jumps are morphologically constrained to a constant “takeoff” angle (79.9°±1.56°, n = 9 beetles) that directs 98% of the jumping force vertically against gravity. A physical-mathematical model of the jumping action, combined with measurements from live beetle, imply that the beetle may control the speed at takeoff but not the jumping angle. In addition, the model shows that very subtle changes in the exact point of contact with the ground can explain the vigorous rotations of the body seen while the beetle is airborne. These findings suggest that the evolution of this unique non-legged jumping mechanism resulted in a jumping technique that is capable of launching the body high into the air but it is too constrained and unstable to allow control of body orientation at landing.
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