"Cerebellar cognitive reserve": a possible further area of investigation.
"Cerebellar cognitive reserve": a possible further area of investigation.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40520-021-01795-1
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Coin A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bordignon A;Devita M;Sergi G;Coin A
小脑在认知功能中的作用传统上很少受到关注，可能是因为它一直主要与运动功能有关。然而，临床和神经影像学研究提供了令人信服的证据，小脑广泛参与认知，语言和情感。研究表明，在小脑和与高阶行为相关的大脑皮层区域之间存在一个紧密的神经连接网络，具有相互的前馈和反馈。文献中还众所周知，这些大脑区域可能会受到特定生活方式的影响，并且脑萎缩后临床症状的表现可能会通过适当的生活干预计划来延迟。生活经验、教育和职业水平以及身心休闲活动有助于形成所谓的认知储备，这是一系列技能或剧目，使一些人能够科普认知能力下降。进行认知刺激活动与脑容量的增加有关，认知刺激和锻炼可以增强齿状回的神经发生，并增加神经元的可塑性和对细胞死亡的抵抗力。相反，久坐不动的生活，刺激少，可能会加速各种结构的萎缩，并引发早期出现的临床表现。那么小脑呢鉴于上述类比和密切联系，我们是否可以推测大脑中发生的事情也发生在小脑中？这种观点的目的是引起人们对小脑认知储备可能存在的注意，然后可以对其进行研究并成为干预的对象。事实上，文献中的数据表明，小脑是一个不能再被低估的器官，也不能被排除在认知功能和相关神经退行性过程的考虑之外。
The role of the cerebellum in cognitive functioning has traditionally received little attention, probably because it has always been mainly associated with motor functions. However, clinical and neuroimaging studies have provided convincing evidence that the cerebellum is widely involved in cognition, language and emotions. It has been shown that there is a close network of neural connections with reciprocal feed-forward and feed-back between the cerebellum and areas of the cerebral cortex connected with higher-order behaviors. It is also well-known from the literature that these brain areas may be influenced by specific lifestyles, and the manifestation of clinical symptoms following brain atrophy may be delayed through an appropriate life intervention program. Lived experiences, levels of education and occupation, and mental and physical leisure activities contribute to the formation of the so-called Cognitive Reserve, a series of skills or repertoires which allow some individuals to cope with cognitive decline. Performing cognitively stimulating activities is associated with an increase in brain volume, and cognitive stimulation and exercise can enhance neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and increase neuronal plasticity and resistance to cell death. In contrast, a sedentary life with few stimuli may accelerate atrophy of various structures and trigger the early appearance of clinical manifestations. So, what about the cerebellum? Given the analogies and close connections described above, can we speculate that what happens in the brain also happens in the cerebellum? The goal of this point of view is to draw attention to the possible existence of a cerebellar cognitive reserve, which could then be investigated and be the object of intervention. Data in the literature, in fact, show that the cerebellum is an organ that can no longer be underestimated and excluded from consideration of cognitive functions and correlated neurodegenerative processes.
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