Dosage-sensitivity of imprinted genes expressed in the brain: 15q11-q13 and neuropsychiatric illness.

Dosage-sensitivity of imprinted genes expressed in the brain: 15q11-q13 and neuropsychiatric illness.
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大脑中表达的印记基因的剂量敏感性:15q11-q13 和神经精神疾病。

DOI:
10.1042/bst20130008
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
McNamara GI
McNamara GI
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McNamara GI

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印迹基因,即那些受到亲本特异性表观遗传标记导致单等位基因亲本特异性表达的基因,对表达量的细微变化很敏感。许多实验模型都说明了这一点,而且事实是,印迹基因表达的减少(或完全丧失)和增加都可能导致人类疾病。在本文中,我们讨论了印迹基因剂量增加对脑功能的影响,重点关注人类染色体15q11-q13上的PWS (Prader-Willi综合征)位点,以及母体在这段时间内表达的印迹基因剂量增加与患精神疾病的高风险之间的关系。这方面的证据来自于患有PWS本身的个体,以及跨越该位点的母源拷贝数变异携带者的非综合征性精神病病例。在该区域已知的印迹基因中,主要的候选基因是母系表达的dube3a,它编码E6-AP (e6相关蛋白)泛素连接酶,并对许多重要的神经递质系统产生影响。此外,这些发现指出,大脑功能对印迹基因表达的减少和增加都非常敏感。
Imprinted genes, those genes subject to parent-of-origin-specific epigenetic marking resulting in monoallelic parent-specific expression, are sensitive to subtle changes in expression dosage. This has been illustrated in a number of experimental models and the fact that both decreased (or complete loss) and increased imprinted gene expression can lead to human diseases. In the present paper, we discuss the consequence of increased dosage of imprinted genes for brain function, focusing on the PWS (Prader–Willi syndrome) locus on human chromosome 15q11–q13 and how predicted increases in dosage of maternally expressed imprinted genes from this interval are associated with a higher risk of developing psychotic illness. The evidence for this comes from individuals with PWS itself and also non-syndromic cases of psychosis in carriers of a maternally derived copy number variant spanning this locus. Of the known imprinted genes in this region, the prime candidate is maternally expressedUBE3A, which encodes E6-AP (E6-associated protein) ubiquitin ligase and has an influence on a number of important neurotransmitter systems. Furthermore, these findings point to the fact that brain function is exquisitely sensitive to both decreases and increases in the expression of imprinted genes.
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