Within-individual correlations reveal link between a behavioral syndrome, condition and cortisol in free-ranging Belding's ground squirrels.
Within-individual correlations reveal link between a behavioral syndrome, condition and cortisol in free-ranging Belding's ground squirrels.
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.12320
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mateo JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dosmann AJ;Brooks KC;Mateo JM
动物往往在行为上表现出一致的个体差异(即动物个性)和行为之间的相关性(即行为综合征)，但这些行为差异模式的原因仍未被充分了解。许多作者假设，依赖状态的行为会产生动物的个性和行为综合症。然而，评估行为特征和状态变量之间协变模式的实证研究产生了喜忧参半的结果。新的统计学方法将相关性划分为个体之间的相关性和个体内的残余相关性，为更充分地量化行为和状态变量之间的关系提供了机会，以评估动物个性和行为综合征的假说。在贝尔丁野生地松鼠(Urocitellus Beldingi)的种群中，我们反复测量活动、探索和对约束行为的反应，以及糖皮质激素和营养条件。我们使用多变量混合模型来确定是个体间的相关性还是个体内的相关性驱动性状之间的表型关系。松鼠在所有五个特征上都有一致的个体差异。在个体间水平上，活跃性和探索性呈正相关，与约束反应呈负相关，表现为行为综合征。在个体内部水平上，状况与皮质醇、活动性和探索性呈负相关。重要的是，这表明虽然行为是状态依赖的，这可能在动物个性和行为综合症中发挥作用，但条件和行为之间的反馈机制似乎不会产生一致的个体行为差异和它们之间的相关性。
Animals often exhibit consistent individual differences in behavior (i.e. animal personality) and correlations between behaviors (i.e. behavioral syndromes), yet the causes of those patterns of behavioral variation remain insufficiently understood. Many authors hypothesize that state-dependent behavior produces animal personality and behavioral syndromes. However, empirical studies assessing patterns of covariation among behavioral traits and state variables have produced mixed results. New statistical methods that partition correlations into between-individual and residual within-individual correlations offer an opportunity to more sufficiently quantify relationships among behaviors and state variables to assess hypotheses of animal personality and behavioral syndromes. In a population of wild Belding's ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) we repeatedly measured activity, exploration, and response to restraint behaviors alongside glucocorticoids and nutritional condition. We used multivariate mixed models to determine whether between-individual or within-individual correlations drive phenotypic relationships among traits. Squirrels had consistent individual differences for all five traits. At the between-individual level, activity and exploration were positively correlated whereas both traits negatively correlated with response to restraint, demonstrating a behavioral syndrome. At the within-individual level, condition negatively correlated with cortisol, activity and exploration. Importantly, this indicates that although behavior is state-dependent, which may play a role in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, feedback mechanisms between condition and behavior appear not to produce consistent individual differences in behavior and correlations between them.
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