New insights into the evolutionary history of biological nitrogen fixation.
New insights into the evolutionary history of biological nitrogen fixation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2013.00201
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Peters JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyd ES;Peters JW
固氮酶催化ATP依赖性的二氮（N2）还原为氨（NH3），约占支持现存生命的生物可利用氮的一半。无论是现在还是过去，地球上生命对固定形式氮的基本需求，导致了对生物固氮的起源和进化的广泛而重大的兴趣。一个关键的问题是，固定氮的有限供应是否是生命起源的一个因素，或者是否有大量的非生物过程产生的固定氮来源，或者通过火流星撞击材料的风化来支持这种早期生命。如果是后者，关键问题就变成了什么样的环境特征促成了这种氧敏感过程的进化，什么时候发生的，以及它随后的进化历史是如何受到产氧光合作用的出现和地球生物圈中氧气的增加的影响的。由于难以从地质记录中收集到能够支持早期生命的固定氮源，因此直接了解这些问题的方法有限。然而，间接的见解，可以通过系统发育研究固氮酶结构基因产物和其他基因产物参与的复杂的含金属辅基与此酶复合物的生物合成。从这些研究中获得的见解，如本文所述，挑战传统的生物固氮的演变模型，并提供了新的概念模型，解释这种高度复杂的生命维持过程的逐步演变的发展基础。
Nitrogenase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent reduction of dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3), accounts for roughly half of the bioavailable nitrogen supporting extant life. The fundamental requirement for fixed forms of nitrogen for life on Earth, both at present and in the past, has led to broad and significant interest in the origin and evolution of biological N2 fixation. One key question is whether the limited availability of fixed nitrogen was a factor in life's origin or whether there were ample sources of fixed nitrogen produced by abiotic processes or delivered through the weathering of bolide impact materials to support this early life. If the latter, the key questions become what were the characteristics of the environment that precipitated the evolution of this oxygen sensitive process, when did this occur, and how was its subsequent evolutionary history impacted by the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis and the rise of oxygen in the Earth's biosphere. Since the availability of fixed sources of nitrogen capable of supporting early life is difficult to glean from the geologic record, there are limited means to get direct insights into these questions. Indirect insights, however, can be gained through phylogenetic studies of nitrogenase structural gene products and additional gene products involved in the biosynthesis of the complex metal-containing prosthetic groups associated with this enzyme complex. Insights gained from such studies, as reviewed herein, challenge traditional models for the evolution of biological nitrogen fixation and provide the basis for the development of new conceptual models that explain the stepwise evolution of this highly complex life sustaining process.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.90.15.7134
发表时间：
1993-08-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
BURKE, DH;HEARST, JE;SIDOW, A
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.2
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影响因子：
3.2
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影响因子：
18.3
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Falkowski, Paul G.
影响因子：
5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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