Diversity and modularity of G protein-coupled receptor structures.

Diversity and modularity of G protein-coupled receptor structures.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tips.2011.09.003
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发表时间:
2012-01
影响因子:
13.8
通讯作者:
Stevens RC
Stevens RC
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Katritch V;Cherezov V;Stevens RC

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G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)是细胞膜蛋白中最丰富的家族,它们具有共同的信号转导机制,但在配体识别和功能方面差异很大。晶体结构现在可用于视紫红质、肾上腺素能和腺苷受体的非活性和活化形式,以及趋化因子、多巴胺和组胺受体的非活性构象。在这里,我们回顾了共同的结构特征,概述了在不同水平的同源性GPCR的结构多样性的范围,并简要讨论了药物发现的结构的影响。考虑到目前的GPCR晶体结构,现在在细胞外(配体结合)和细胞内(信号传导)区域之间观察到明显的模块性。快速扩展的GPCR结构库为实验和分子建模研究提供了坚实的框架,并有助于绘制整个超家族的全面结构覆盖和理解GPCR生物学和治疗机制的路线图。
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the most “prolific” family of cell membrane proteins, which share a common mechanism of signal transduction, but greatly vary in ligand recognition and function. Crystal structures are now available for rhodopsin, adrenergic, and adenosine receptors in both inactive and activated forms, as well as for chemokine, dopamine, and histamine receptors in inactive conformations. Here we review common structural features, outline the scope of structural diversity of GPCRs at different levels of homology and briefly discuss impact of the structures on drug discovery. Given the current set of GPCR crystal structures, a distinct modularity is now being observed between the extracellular (ligand-binding) and intracellular (signaling) regions. The rapidly expanding repertoire of GPCR structures provides a solid framework for experimental and molecular modeling studies, and helps to chart a roadmap for comprehensive structural coverage of the whole superfamily and an understanding of GPCR biological and therapeutic mechanisms.
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