Language choice in bimodal bilingual development.
Language choice in bimodal bilingual development.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01163
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Fieldsteel Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lillo-Martin D;de Quadros RM;Chen Pichler D;Fieldsteel Z
双语儿童在很小的时候就会对对话者使用的语言产生敏感性，这反映在儿童根据对话者对每种语言的不同使用上。话语语境和社区中相对语言优势等因素可能对学龄前儿童的语言分化程度起中介作用。双峰式双语儿童既掌握手语又掌握口语，他们的情况更为复杂。他们的聋哑父母在接触口语方面差别很大。此外，除了代码混合和代码切换之外，他们还使用代码混合-同时使用语音和手势的表达-这是双模双语者唯一可用的选项。语码混合在社会语言学上类似于语码转换，但也是一种不压制一种语言的交流方式。对于成人双峰双语者来说，完全抑制非选择语言是认知上的要求。我们预计双模双语儿童也会发现抑制困难，并在某些情况下使用混合而不是抑制。我们也期望相对的社区语言优势是儿童语言选择的一个因素。本研究分析了四名双模双语儿童及其聋人对话者的纵向自发生产数据。即使在最早的观察中，孩子们与聋人对话者产生了更多的手语话语，而与听力正常的对话者产生了更多的言语。然而，四个孩子中有三个在语言目标训练中产生了75%的语言能力，而在手语目标训练中，他们产生了25%的手语能力。所有四个人都在两种语言中产生双峰话语，但在手语会话中更频繁，可能是因为他们发现抑制主导语言更困难。我们的研究结果表明，这些儿童对对话者使用的语言很敏感，同时也受到主流社区语言的很大影响。
Bilingual children develop sensitivity to the language used by their interlocutors at an early age, reflected in differential use of each language by the child depending on their interlocutor. Factors such as discourse context and relative language dominance in the community may mediate the degree of language differentiation in preschool age children. Bimodal bilingual children, acquiring both a sign language and a spoken language, have an even more complex situation. Their Deaf parents vary considerably in access to the spoken language. Furthermore, in addition to code-mixing and code-switching, they use code-blending—expressions in both speech and sign simultaneously—an option uniquely available to bimodal bilinguals. Code-blending is analogous to code-switching sociolinguistically, but is also a way to communicate without suppressing one language. For adult bimodal bilinguals, complete suppression of the non-selected language is cognitively demanding. We expect that bimodal bilingual children also find suppression difficult, and use blending rather than suppression in some contexts. We also expect relative community language dominance to be a factor in children's language choices. This study analyzes longitudinal spontaneous production data from four bimodal bilingual children and their Deaf and hearing interlocutors. Even at the earliest observations, the children produced more signed utterances with Deaf interlocutors and more speech with hearing interlocutors. However, while three of the four children produced >75% speech alone in speech target sessions, they produced <25% sign alone in sign target sessions. All four produced bimodal utterances in both, but more frequently in the sign sessions, potentially because they find suppression of the dominant language more difficult. Our results indicate that these children are sensitive to the language used by their interlocutors, while showing considerable influence from the dominant community language.
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影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Capirci, O;Iverson, JM;Volterra, V
通讯作者：
Volterra, V
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Kroll, Judith F.;Bobb, Susan C.;Wodniecka, Zofia
通讯作者：
Wodniecka, Zofia
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Gonzalez-Vilbazo, Kay;Lopez, Luis
通讯作者：
Lopez, Luis
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GROSJEAN, F
通讯作者：
GROSJEAN, F
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
GENESEE, F
通讯作者：
GENESEE, F