Regulation, Signaling, and Physiological Functions of G-Proteins.

Regulation, Signaling, and Physiological Functions of G-Proteins.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.002
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发表时间:
2016-09-25
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Huang, Xin-Yun
Huang, Xin-Yun
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Syrovatkina, Viktoriya;Alegre, Kamela O.;Dey, Raja;Huang, Xin-Yun

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异三聚体G蛋白主要将质膜上的G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)的信息传递到细胞内,以调节各种生化功能。根据靶细胞类型、组织和器官的不同,这些信号调节不同的生理功能。概述了异三聚体G蛋白的基本构型。本文就G蛋白的调节、信号转导和生理功能作一简要综述。然后我们将重点放在一些较少被研究的领域,例如非GPCRs对G-蛋白的调节,以及G-蛋白的生理功能不能很容易地用已知的G-蛋白信号通路来解释。G蛋白有新的信号通路和生理功能有待发现和进一步研究。随着结构和计算生物学技术的进步,我们更接近于更好地了解G-蛋白是如何调节的,以及G-蛋白与其调节因子相互作用的特异性。
Heterotrimeric G-proteins mainly relay the information from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the plasma membrane to the inside of cells to regulate various biochemical functions. Depending on the targeted cell types, tissues and organs, these signals modulate diverse physiological functions. The basic schemes of heterotrimeric G-proteins have been outlined. In this review we briefly summarize what is known about the regulation, signaling and physiological functions of G-proteins. We then focus on a few less explored areas such as regulation of G-proteins by non-GPCRs, and the physiological functions of G-proteins that can not be easily explained by the known G-protein signaling pathways. There are new signaling pathways and physiological functions for G-proteins to be discovered and further interrogated. With the advancements in structural and computational biological techniques, we are closer to having a better understanding of how G-proteins are regulated, and the specificity of G-protein interactions with their regulators.
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