Multiple Enone-Directed Reactivity Modes Lead to the Selective Photochemical Fluorination of Polycyclic Terpenoid Derivatives.

Multiple Enone-Directed Reactivity Modes Lead to the Selective Photochemical Fluorination of Polycyclic Terpenoid Derivatives.
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多种烯酮定向反应模式导致多环萜类衍生物的选择性光化学氟化。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
T. Lectka
T. Lectka
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Pitts;D. Bume;S. A. Harry;M. Siegler;T. Lectka

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在脂肪族氟化领域,反应性问题近年来已得到非常成功的解决。相比之下,相关的选择性问题,即将氟化作用导向复杂分子中的特定位点,仍然是一个巨大的、根本性的挑战。在本报告中,我们表明烯酮官能团在光激发时提供了一种解决方案。仅基于氧原子的方向,可在具有多达 65 个不同 sp3 C-H 键的类固醇和生物活性多环上实现位点选择性光化学氟化。我们还发现,γ-、β-、同烯丙基和烯丙基氟化都是可能的并且通过本文报道的理论模式可预测。最后,我们提出了一个初步的机制假设,其特征是分子内氢原子转移、自由基氟化和烯酮的最终恢复。总而言之,这些结果为复杂底物的选择性氟化设计提供了飞跃,这应该与药物发现相关,其中氟起着突出的作用。
In the realm of aliphatic fluorination, the problem of reactivity has been very successfully addressed in recent years. In contrast, the associated problem of selectivity, that is, directing fluorination to specific sites in complex molecules, remains a great, fundamental challenge. In this report, we show that the enone functional group, upon photoexcitation, provides a solution. Based solely on orientation of the oxygen atom, site-selective photochemical fluorination is achieved on steroids and bioactive polycycles with up to 65 different sp3 C-H bonds. We have also found that γ-, β-, homoallylic, and allylic fluorination are all possible and predictable through the theoretical modes reported herein. Lastly, we present a preliminary mechanistic hypothesis characterized by intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer, radical fluorination, and ultimate restoration of the enone. In all, these results provide a leap forward in the design of selective fluorination of complex substrates that should be relevant to drug discovery, where fluorine plays a prominent role.
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