A geopolitics of trauma: Refugee administration and protracted uncertainty in Turkey

A geopolitics of trauma: Refugee administration and protracted uncertainty in Turkey
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创伤地缘政治:土耳其的难民管理和长期的不确定性

DOI:
10.1111/tran.12234
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Secor, Anna J.
Secor, Anna J.
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Loyd, Jenna M.;Ehrkamp, Patricia;Secor, Anna J.

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在本文中,我们绘制出我们所谓的“地缘政治创伤”,通过研究创伤在跨国难民制度中的作用,并通过心理健康诊断和服务提供的地缘政治关系的个性化。聚焦于进入国际难民管理制度的一个地点,我们介绍了我们于2015年8月在土耳其与非政府组织和政府间组织进行的实地调查结果,这些组织参与了难民的保护,心理健康和心理社会服务的提供以及重新安置。我们提出的调查结果表明,在土耳其的前线难民护理和管理的挑战和精神健康诊断,治疗和文件的重要性在难民管理的早期阶段。我们认为,难民筛选和重新安置的做法充满了创伤的压力源和跟踪创伤如何在不同的地点和不同的时间与难民的管理相交。我们认为,土耳其难民的长期状况(其中许多人将等待八年的难民身份确定面谈)以及流离失所者申请难民身份和第三国重新安置的多次面谈和文件要求成为难民主体持续创伤的场所。此外,在筛查和记录的实践中,我们可以追溯到难民主体的医疗化不仅是一个护理问题,而且是一种清晰的做法,国家和国际组织根据这种做法决定是否纳入和排除。因此,创伤的地缘政治不仅体现在战争、流离失所和重新安置的地图上,而且体现在难民确定和重新安置过程的细节和行动要求中。
In this paper we map out what we are calling a “geopolitics of trauma” by examining the role of trauma in transnational refugee regimes and the individualisation of geopolitical relations through mental health diagnosis and service provision. Focusing on one site of entry into the international regime of refugee administration, we present findings from fieldwork that we conducted in August, 2015 in Turkey with NGOs and IGOs involved in the protection, mental health and psychosocial service provision, and resettlement of refugees. The findings that we present demonstrate the challenges of refugee care and management on the front lines in Turkey and the significance of mental health diagnosis, treatment and documentation in the early stages of refugee administration. We suggest that practices of refugee screening and resettlement are imbued with traumatic stressors and trace how trauma intersects with the administration of refugees in different sites and at different times. We argue that the protracted situation of refugees in Turkey (many of whom will wait eight years for their Refugee Status Determination interview) and the multiple interviews and demands for documentation through which a displaced person applies for refugee status and third‐country resettlement become sites of ongoing traumatisation for the refugee subject. Further, in the practices of screening and documentation, we can trace the medicalisation of the refugee subject as not only a question of care but also a practice of legibility on which the state and international organisations base their decisions about inclusion and exclusion. The geopolitics of trauma thus emerges not only in cartographies of war, displacement and resettlement, but also in the minute details and performative demands of the refugee determination and resettlement process.
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