Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteases in Neuronal Welfare.

Mitochondrial Quality Control Proteases in Neuronal Welfare.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11481-016-9683-8
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发表时间:
2016-12
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Khalimonchuk, Oleh
Khalimonchuk, Oleh
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Levytskyy, Roman M.;Germany, Edward M.;Khalimonchuk, Oleh

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线粒体的功能完整性是神经元健康的关键决定因素,线粒体功能受损是一个公认的因素,是大量神经和神经退行性疾病的基础。神经细胞的代谢需求需要高的生物能量输出,这通常与活性氧的产生增加有关。随着时间的推移,这些呼吸副产物的无对抗积累会导致线粒体亚室内的氧化损伤和蛋白质稳态失衡,这反过来可能导致细胞死亡。神经元有丝分裂后的性质及其对这些应激因素的脆弱性需要严格的蛋白质稳态控制来防止这种情况的发生。一系列进化上保守的蛋白酶是线粒体质量控制的核心要素之一。这些多功能的蛋白水解酶在细胞器生物发生、代谢重塑和应激过程中进行大量的活动来维持正常的线粒体功能。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了线粒体质量控制蛋白酶的神经保护方面和线粒体内蛋白质水解缺陷引起的神经病理表现。
The functional integrity of mitochondria is a critical determinant of neuronal health and compromised mitochondrial function is a commonly recognized factor that underlies a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic demands of neural cells require high bioenergetic outputs that are often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Unopposed accumulation of these respiratory byproducts over time leads to oxidative damage and imbalanced protein homeostasis within mitochondrial subcompartments, which in turn may result in cellular demise. The post-mitotic nature of neurons and their vulnerability to these stress factors necessitate strict protein homeostatic control to prevent such scenarios. A series of evolutionarily conserved proteases is one of the central elements of mitochondrial quality control. These versatile proteolytic enzymes conduct a multitude of activities to preserve normal mitochondrial function during organelle biogenesis, metabolic remodeling and stress. In this review we discuss neuroprotective aspects of mitochondrial quality control proteases and neuropathological manifestations arising from defective proteolysis within the mitochondrion.
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